ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ - θέματα και απαντήσεις πανελληνίων εξετάσεων 1986 - 2007
University Exams D. Education - Dimitris Sclias
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άλλα
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Προτείνουμε οι υποψήφιοι Αγγλικής φιλολογίας, πρώτα να διαβάζουν προσεχτικά την κάθε ερώτηση μετά,
έχοντας ένα πρόχειρο τετράδιο δίπλα τους, να προσπαθούν να απαντήσουν γραπτώς τις ερωτήσεις και στη
συνέχεια να συγκρίνουν την δική τους απάντηση με αυτή που δίδεται. Καλή επιτυχία!
Θέματα πανελλαδικών εξετάσεων της Αγγλικής γλώσσας του έτους 2007
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:
Sir David Attenborough, an environmentalist and veteran broadcaster, detected signs of a “moral change” in the public’s attitude to global warming. He accepted that some people may find his views “optimistic” or “naive”, but he said that historical examples like the change in attitudes to slavery 200 years ago showed that society could undergo rapid and profound moral shifts.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Α. Ο σερ David Attenborough, ένας περιβαλλοντολόγος και βετεράνος παρουσιαστής, ανίχνευσε σημάδια «ηθικής αλλαγής» στην στάση του κοινού απέναντι στην αύξηση της παγκόσμιας θερμοκρασίας.
Παραδέχτηκε ότι κάποιοι άνθρωποι πιθανόν να βρουν τις ιδέες του
«αισιόδοξες» ή «αφελείς», αλλά είπε ότι ιστορικά παραδείγματα, όπως η
αλλαγή συμπεριφοράς απέναντι στην σκλαβιά 200 χρόνια πριν, έδειξαν ότι η κοινωνία θα μπορούσε να υποστεί ραγδαίες και ριζικές ηθικές αλλαγές.
«Είμαι βαθιά πεπεισμένος ότι το ζήτημα της αύξησης της παγκόσμιας θερμοκρασίας είναι υπαρκτό, και ότι οδεύουμε προς μια μεγαλύτερη επιδείνωση των συνθηκών για κάθε μορφή ζωής πάνω στον πλανήτη. Δεν έχω ουδεμία αμφιβολία για την αιτία, η οποία είναι τα υποπροϊόντα των ανθρώπινων δραστηριοτήτων και επομένως θα πρέπει να τα περιορίσουμε.» Αλλά θα μπορούσε να είναι πολύ δύσκολο να επιβάλλεις όρια στις ανθρώπινες δραστηριότητες, όπως στην ελευθερία τους να πετούν.
«Είναι ουτοπικό να λέμε ότι οι όλοι θα πρέπει να σταματήσουν να κάνουν
τα πάντα. Να γιατί το να επιμένουμε σ’ αυτό είναι άδικος κόπος», είπε. «Έχω περάσει τη ζωή μου τριγυρίζοντας σε όλο τον κόσμο, με αεροπλάνα. Πώς θα μπορούσα να γυρίσω ξαφνικά και να πω ότι είναι λάθος; Αυτό που λέω είναι ότι δεν θα πρέπει να το κάνουμε άσκοπα. Ο κόσμος αλλάζει κι εμείς πρέπει να κάνουμε κάτι!».
«The Guardian», 2 Ιουνίου
2007
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1.a. Give a title to
the above text. (3 points)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Β.1.a. “Changing
attitudes to global warming”
b. Rephrase the following: I have no doubt whatsoever
of the cause, which is the byproducts of humanity’s activities, and therefore
we should be curbing them.
Do not use the same words as the original. (6 points)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. The author is absolutely certain that the consequences of climate
change for the natural world are due to the mankind’s actions and it is our
responsibility to reduce such activities.
c. What does the author mean by the phrase: … the
change in attitudes to slavery 200 years ago showed that society could undergo
rapid and profound moral shifts. (6 points)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. The fact that society altered the way it treated issues such as
slavery, which was perfectly, socially acceptable 200 years ago, shows that society
can also change the way it treats even the most serious ones.
B2.a. What are some of the
byproducts of humanity’s activities which cause a great worsening of the
conditions on this planet? In a short paragraph discuss at least four
byproducts (not more than 50 words). (5 points)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Β.2.a.
Suggestions
The fact that global human population has doubled means that it will
stress the planet’s farms ecosystems.
Carbon and fossil fuels emissions from automobiles..
Contamination of every part of the world’s oceans with industrial
poisons..
Intensive farming methods such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides
on farms..
Destruction of the rainforest..
b. Write a paragraph suggesting at least four everyday
actions that practically lead to an environmentally friendly life (not more
than 50 words). (5 points)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. Suggestions
Reduction of industrial waste by promoting
recycling and lessening its weight and volume.
Control of chemical substances harmful to the
environment.
Developing environmentally-friendly
technologies and measures.
Developing eco-friendly products based on product assessment.
Use alternative sources of energy such as solar or wind power.
c. The world is changing and we’ve got to do something.
Apart from global warming, how do you think the world
has changed in the 21st century? Write a short paragraph (not more than 50
words). (5 points)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. Suggestions
Greenhouse gases led to sea level rise, ozone layer and harmful sun rays.
Over consumption of infinite natural
resources. Water pollution is reducing the useable supply
of fresh water Traffic congestion makes the way of living intolerant.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:
During a youth conference on employment the following
comments were made by teenagers presenting two different approaches:
“Job satisfaction is what matters to me.”
“I want a job that leaves me with plenty of leisure
time.”
Write a short article for a youth magazine commenting on
the above statements and supporting them with your own views. (45 points)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Γ. Job Expectations.
We all spend a lot of time studying, both at school and university, to
get the job we want. But what are we looking for when we apply for a job?
For many of us, job satisfaction is what we seek. What’
s the point of earning lots of money if we end up hating the time we
spend at work? Having a job that is interesting an
stimulating is, surely, far more important than what it pays. It could be
something we will spend much of our lives doing so we should find something we
enjoy.
Others, however, see jobs as just a means to an end; that
nice round figure in our bank statement every month. What’s more
important to them is that a job gives them lots of free time and the
opportunity to do
what they want with their
lives. They want their nights free for socialising, the weekends reserved for
leisure activities a long summer vacations for rest and relaxation.
For a lucky few, leisure interests and career opportunities merge in a
happy union. The rest of us need to make the most of the job we get, while
enjoying whatever free time we have.
THE END Of 2007
**********************
ΠΕΜΠΤΗ
22 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2006
ΚΟΙΝΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΗ
ΟΛΩΝ ΤΩΝ
ΥΠΟΨΗΦΙΩΝ
ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ
Α. Να
αποδώσετε στο
τετράδιό σας
στην ελληνική
γλώσσα το
παρακάτω
κείμενο,
προσδίδοντάς
του τη μορφή που
θα έπρεπε να
έχει, αν
επρόκειτο να
δημοσιευθεί σε
ελληνικό
έντυπο:
Katia Eliad, an artist, felt blocked in her creativity, out of touch
with herself and for some inexplicable reason unable to use green or blue in
her abstract paintings. So she started an unusual treatment: daily two hour
sessions of Mozart’s music for three weeks at a time. The impact, she says, was
dramatic. “It feels like I’ve done 10 years of psychoanalysis in just eight
months”. As for Mozart, “he’s become like a grandfather who calms you when you
wake up in the middle of a nightmare”.
Over the past decade, Mozart has increasingly been placed in a role that is the
most controversial of all: as healer of mind and body. But by far the most
widespread – and most disputed – recent claim is that Mozart can enhance your
brain power.
In this Mozart anniversary year, it seems, anything goes. Cagnozzi, a Tuscan
winemaker, has been piping Mozart to his vines for the past five years. Playing
Mozart to his grapes has a dramatic effect, he claims. “It ripens them faster”,
he says, adding that it also keeps away parasites and birds. With so little
understood about the psychological and physiological effects of music,
researchers are now studying Cagnozzi’s claims.
Time Europe, January 16, 2006
(25 points)
to pipe: παίζω μουσική
Απάντηση:
Η Katia Eliad, µια καλλιτέχνιδα, ένιωσε να µπλοκάρεται η δηµιουργικότητά της, να µη βρίσκεται σε επαφή µε τον εαυτό της και για κάποιο ανεξήγητο λόγο να µην µπορεί να χρησιµοποιήσει πράσινο ή µπλε στους αφηρηµένους πίνακές της. Έτσι ξεκίνησε µια ασυνήθιστη θεραπεία: καθηµερινά δίωρα ακούσµατα µουσικής του Mozart για τρεις εβδοµάδες τη φορά. Η επίδραση, λέει, ήταν θεαµατική. «Μοιάζει σα να έχω κάνει δέκα χρόνια ψυχανάλυση µόνο σε οκτώ µήνες. Όσον αφορά τον Mozart, «έχει γίνει σαν ένας παππούς ο οποίος σε ηρεµεί όταν ξυπνάς στη µέση ενός εφιάλτη».
Την τελευταία δεκαετία, όλο και περισσότερο δίνεται στον Mozart ένας ρόλος ο οποίος είναι ο πιο αµφιλεγόµενος από όλους: ως θεραπευτής του πνεύµατος και του σώµατος. Όµως ο κατά πολύ πιο διαδεδοµένος - και διαφιλονικούµενος – πρόσφατος ισχυρισµός είναι ότι ο Mozart µπορεί να ενισχύσει τη δύναµη του µυαλού.
Αυτό το χρόνο στην επέτειο του Mozart, φαίνεται ότι όλα ισχύουν. Ο Cagnozzi, ένας οινοπαραγωγός από την Τοσκάνη, παίζει µουσική του Mozart στα κλήµατά του τα τελευταία πέντε χρόνια. Ισχυρίζεται ότι το να παίζει Mozart στα σταφύλια του έχει θεαµατικό αποτέλεσµα. «Τα βοηθά να ωριµάσουν πιο γρήγορα», λέει, προσθέτοντας ότι κρατάει επίσης µακριά τα παράσιτα και τα πουλιά. Έχοντας κατανοήσει τόσο λίγα σχετικά µε τις επιδράσεις της µουσικής στην ψυχολογία και τη φυσιολογία, οι ερευνητές τώρα µελετούν τους ισχυρισµούς του Cagnozzi.
Time
Β.
Να απαντήσετε
στο τετράδιό
σας στα
αγγλικά στις
παρακάτω
ερωτήσεις:
B1. a. Give a title to the above text. (4 points)
Απάντηση:
Β1.
a. THE BENEVOLENT INFLUENCE OF
b. As for Mozart, “he’s become like a grandfather who
calms you when you wake up in the middle of a nightmare”. Why do you think
Katia Eliad uses this simile? Write a short paragraph of not more
than 50 words. (5 points)
Απάντηση:
b. Eliad’s
choice to compare Mozard to a grandfather is indicative of her attempt to
emphasize οn
elderly wisdom and experience which seems to be beneficial to those found in a
deadlock situation. Youngsters seem
to be at a loss
due to the sterility of everyday life whereas the elderly are endowed with the
qualities
to confront
similar situations.
c. Ιn this Mozart anniversary year, it seems,
anything goes. What does the author imply by the phrase “anything goes”? Write
your answer in a short paragraph of not more than 50 words. (6 points)
Απάντηση:
c. What the author denotes is that Mozard's talent is
versatile since, through his music he has the ability to reinforce brain power
as well as help individuals unleash their suppressed feelings and emotions.
B2. a. The article states that listening to classical
music can uplift your soul and make you smarter. What other things/ activities
may have a similar effect on people? Write a short paragraph, explaining the
effect of at least three activities. (Not more than 50 words). (4 points)
Απάντηση:
Β2. a. It is indisputable that
creative activities such as reading, taking uρ a sport and
painting have beneficial impact on people. Reading, for instance, helps people
broaden their horizons, enrich their knowledge as well
as escape daily
routine. Sports, on the other hand, promote team spirit as well as
collaboration and help individuals cope with demanding situations in which they
should be alert and quick-thinking. Last but not least, painting boosts
creativity and smoothes one's ruffled feathers.
b. Why do you think advertisers use music very often
when promoting their products? In a short paragraph give at least three
reasons. (Not more than 50 words). (6 points)
Απάντηση:
b. Advertising and
marketing are closely related to music. Those involved in advertising tend to
use music when launching their products bearing in mind that a catchy tune
makes an advertisement pleasing and easily remembered.
Moreover,
advertisements based on music are more popular to teenagers, who seem to be
their target group. All in all, advertisers are very much aware of the fact
that by adorning an advertisement with music they make
it less tedious
and monotonous.
c. Suppose you were a school psychologist. Would you
consider using music relaxation sessions at school?
Justify your answer. (Not more than 50 words). (5
points)
Απάντηση:
c. Music already constitutes a new approach as far as
pedagogical methods are concerned since it helps student’s relieve tension and
anxiety. Therefore, it would be wise to apply such sessions at school owing to
music enjoying a civilizing influence. Beyond this, music has been
traditionally accepted as a cultivation force of one's inner being.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180
- 200 λέξεων με θέμα:
«European Year of Citizenship through Education”.
The Council of Europe with the contribution of school children across
Write a letter to the Council of
Sign the letter as N. Georgiou.
Απάντηση:
Γ. Dear Sirs,
Being a citizen
of the European Union, Ι should wish to share with you my thoughts
on Democratic Schools without Violence. It is a sad fact to witness violent
behaviour in European schools, an environment where the cultivation of arts and
letters have historically affected the ascension of man's spirit. Α basic cause of
violence has been the family background a child has grown up.
Families which
have suffered a divorce or exercised parental pressure, for various reasons, on
the children along with the lack of communication between parents and their offsprings,
constitute basic stimuli for violent attitude.
Α further incentive for violent
behaviour have been the diverse impetuses children receive from television and
cinema. It seems to me that these certainties have come to promote
individualism among children. Hence, teenagers resort to the formation of
various peer groups which long to be noticed by committing brutal
actions on
their school mates.
In my view,
local municipal administration could encourage courses on family togetherness
and the role of
family unity at
a time of difficulty. In addition, the state could provide the suffering
families with the help of social workers and psychologists in an attempt to
achieve balance in the family environment.
In terms of the
school terrain, the teachers ought to inspire communication and collaboration
to their students. The value of working as a team should be the guiding impulse
to life. What is more, every school should be equipped with the assistance of
experts on child development and behaviour rehabilitation.
Thank you for
your attention. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours
sincerely,
Ν. Georgiou.
THE END Of 2006
********************
ΤΡΙΤΗ 21 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2005
ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή
που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:
For more than a decade,
Britons have listened to claims that the internet would transform their lives;
that it would affect the manner in which they do business, interact socially,
even think and behave. Often, the predictions have seemed premature or
exaggerated, but a far reaching new survey from the Oxford Internet Institute
makes clear that the spread of the net has indeed changed family life in subtle
yet profound ways.
Drawn from interviews in
nearly 2,200 British households, the
this month, provides the
first detailed snapshot of what we as a nation do when we are online.
Of active users,
similar number believe it
to be of general benefit to daily life.
The average user spends 1
hour per day online; 9% say they spend less time with their family, 17% read
fewer books and a whopping 28% watch less television.
The net is also changing
the way we shop, learn, think, maintain relationships and make new friends.
Significantly, the third most popular online activity is given as “surfing” :
trawling the net has become
a leisure activity in its own right. People log on to relax after a hard day’s
work just as they once tuned into the television.
The Sunday Times, June 12, 2005 (25 points)
whopping : τεράστιος, συγκλονιστικός
to trawl : ερευνώ, ψάχνω επισταμένως
surfing : πλοήγηση
Απάντηση:
Για περισσότερο από μια δεκαετία, οι Βρετανοί ακούν εικασίες/ ισχυρισμούς ότι το Ιντερνετ/Διαδίκτυο, θα
αλλάξει την ζωή τους, ότι θα επηρέαζε τον τρόπο που 'κάνουν δουλειές', επικοινωνούν σε κοινωνικό
επίπεδο, ακόμη και τον τρόπο που σκέπτονται ή συμπεριφέρνονται.
Αρκετές φορές, αυτές οι προβλέψεις θεωρήθηκαν πρώιμες ή υπερβολικές, αλλά μια μεγάλη έρευνα από το
ινστιτούτο Internet της Οξφόρδης, δείχνει με σαφήνεια ότι η εξάπλωση του διαδικτύου έχει όντως αλλάξει
την οικογενειακή ζωή, ίσως όχι τόσο εμφανώς, αλλά ουσιαστικά.
Αντλώντας στοιχεία από συνεντεύξεις που διεξήχθησαν σε σχεδόν 2.200 Βρετανικές οικογένειες, η έρευνα
για το Ιντερνετ της Οξφόρδης, που θα δημοσιευθεί αργότερα αυτό το μήνα, παρέχει την πρώτη λεπτομερή
εικόνα του τι κάνουμε σαν λαός όταν είμαστε συνδεδεμένοι στο Ιντερνετ.
Σε κάθε 10 ενεργούς χρήστες οι 7 θεωρούν το διαδίκτυο σημαντικό ή πολύ σημαντικό στον τρόπο ζωής τους,
και άλλοι τόσοι πιστεύουν ότι είναι πολύ ωφέλιμο στην καθημερινή τους ζωή. Ο μέσος χρήστης περνάει
μια ώρα τη μέρα στο διαδίκτυο, το 9% λένε ότι περνούν λιγότερο χρόνο με την οικογένεια τους, το 17%
διαβάζουν λιγότερα βιβλία και ένα συγκλονιστικό 28% παρακολουθεί λιγότερη τηλεόραση.
Το διαδίκτυο επηρεάζει σημαντικά και τον τρόπο που ψωνίζουμε, μαθαίνουμε, σκεπτόμαστε, διατηρούμε
σχέσεις και κάνουμε νέους φίλους. Είναι απαραίτητο να επισημάνουμε ότι η πλοήγηση στο διαδίκτυο είναι
η τρίτη πιο δημοφιλής δραστηριότητα και η τακτική έρευνα στο διαδίκτυο έχει δικαιωματικά γίνει μια
ασχολία ελεύθερου χρόνου. Οι άνθρωποι συνδέονται στο διαδίκτυο για να ξεκουραστούν μετά από μια
μέρα σκληρής εργασίας με τον ίδιο τρόπο που κάποτε συντονίζονταν στην τηλεόραση τους.
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1. a. Give a
title to the above text. (4 points)
Απάντηση:
'Predictions that the
internet changes lives is shown to be true.'
b. What does the
author mean by the phrase “the spread of the net has indeed changed family life
in subtle
yet profound
ways”? (Not more than 40 words) (5 points)
Απάντηση:
The growing use of the
internet has had a substantial effect on the way family members communicate
with and react to each
other although these changes are fairly discreet and so are not immediately
obvious.
c. Rephrase the
following by using your own words to express the meaning of the text : “Drawn
from interviews in nearly 2,200 British households, the
Απάντηση:
"Drawn from interviews
in nearly 2,200 British house holds, the
this month, provides this
first detailed snapshot of what we as a nation do when we are online."
The
later this month. The
survey offers the first detailed picture of how the British are using the
internet.
B2. a. What are
some of the dangers of the use of the internet by young people? In a short
paragraph discuss at least four possible dangers. (Not more than 50 words). (4
points)
Απάντηση:
Young people may spend too
many hours surfing the net and so do not communicate with their family
and friends. The internet
stops them reading books and affects the way they think. Meeting people on the
internet can be dangerous and they may look at unsuitable sites.
b. In your
opinion how has the internet changed our lives positively? In a short paragraph
discuss at least
three possible
benefits of the internet to our daily lives. (Not more than 50 words). (6
points)
Απάντηση:
The internet has made the
global communication easier. We also have immediate access to world news.
It allows us to learn about
other cultures and to become more understanding and sympathetic to others.
It is particularly useful
for international business as well as social and personal communication.
c. After a
tiring day at school do you prefer to relax by reading a book, watching TV or
surfing the net?
In a short
paragraph give reasons for your choice. (Not more than 50 words). (5 points)
Απάντηση:
I enjoy the net because I
find it relaxing, fun and informative. I particularly enjoy playing games such
as
backgammon and listening to
music. I prefer to see the news on the internet because I can focus on the
stories that I am
interested in. I prefer the net to reading books because books remind me of
schoolwork.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:
Next month your
school magazine will deal with the following issue : “The arts, such as music,
dance, painting
and theatre, are
vitally important to students’ education and should therefore receive as much
emphasis as
mathematics,
science, language and other mainstream subjects”. Write an article for your
school magazine,
discussing your
views on the above topic. Do not sign the article. (45 points)
Απάντηση:
There is much debate about the importance of the arts in mainstream
education and, as in most cases,
there are two sides to every story.
I personally believe that some education in the arts is of the utmost
importance for all children. I believe that
everyone should be encouraged to develop their creative side. They do
not have to be particularly talented,
but just given the chance to express themselves in a way that they
enjoy.
On the other hand, there must be a balance in education and other
subjects such as maths, science and
languages are of equal importance and all students should be urged to
develop their skills in all areas
as much as they can.
It can be argued however, that many students who are academically weak,
are often very good at art,
drama or music and if they are given the chance to develop their
artistic talents, they will grow in confidence
and this will help them in other aspects of their life.
In conclusion, I would say that education needs to be balanced in all
areas but with the opportunity for the
individual to shine in their personally chosen field of study.
THE END Of 2005
******************
ΠΑΡΑΣΚΕΥΗ 18 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2004
ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείµενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη µορφή
που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δηµοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:
Not so long ago there was
an equal balance of men and women in Professor Phillip Brown’s sociology
classes. Now there isn’t. In a recent lecture there were just five men in the
group of 50 he was teaching. And it’s not just sociology.
Throughout the
like flies before a
thunderstorm.
Driven by success at
school, girls are going into higher education in ever increasing numbers. Over the
last decade more than 70% of the increase in undergraduates in the
Brown is co-author of a
controversial book which argues that the need for graduate workers is not as
great
as the government predicts
and that too many employers are asking for graduate skills they don’t need.
He believes middle-class
boys are as interested in going to university as they ever were, but that
working-class boys continue to be as uninterested as ever. The shift is
occurring as a result of working-class girls and women seeking higher
qualifications, because more jobs need credentials*, thereby increasing the
gender gap.
Education Guardian Weekly, May 18, 2004
(25 points)
*to skew = ανατρέπω
*credential = απόδειξη γνώσεων/διαπιστευτήριο
Απάντηση:
Δεν πάνε πολλά χρόνια που υπήρχα ισάριθμοι άντρες και γυναίκες στις τάξεις κοινωνιολογίας του καθηγητή
Phillip Brown. Αυτό δεν συμβαίνει τώρα πια. Σε μια πρόσφατη διάλεξη υπήρχαν μόνο 5 άνδρες στο γκρουπ
των 50 ατόμων που δίδασκε. Και αυτό δεν αφορά μόνο την κοινωνιολογία. Στον ευρύτερο χώρο της
εκπαίδευσης στη Μεγάλη Βρετανία, οι γυναίκες είναι κυρίαρχες σε αριθμό ενώ οι άνδρες εξαφανίζονται
όπως οι μύγες πριν από την καταιγίδα.
Με στόχο την επιτυχία τους στο σχολείο, όλο και περισσότερα κορίτσια μπαίνουν στην ανώτερη εκπαίδευση.
Μόλις την τελευταία δεκαετία, πάνω από 70% των αποφοίτων στη Μεγάλη Βρετανία είναι θηλυκού γένους.
Και δεν είναι μόνο οι απόφοιτοι της δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης που ανατρέπουν αυτή την ισσοροπία.
Γυναίκες στα τριάντα τους μπαίνουν στο πανεπιστήμιο σαν "ώριμοι" φοιτητές.
Ο Brown, με άλλον ένα συγγραφέα, έχει γράψει ένα επίμαχο βιβλίο στο οποίο και ισχυρίζεται ότι η ανάγκη
για πτυχιούχους εργάτες δεν είναι τόσο μεγάλη όσο προβλέπει το κράτος και ότι πολλοί εργοδότες απαιτούν
ακαδημαϊκά προσόντα τα οποία δεν χρειάζονται. Πιστεύει ότι τα αγόρια της μεσαίας τάξης ακόμα ενδιαφέρονται
να πάνε πανεπιστήμιο όπως γινόταν και παλιά αλλά τα αγόρια της εργατικής τάξης συνεχίζουν να είναι
αδιάφορα όπως πάντα. Η αλλαγή αυτή είναι αποτέλεσμα της αναζήτησης υψηλοτέρων τυπικών προσόντων
από τα κορίτσια και τις γυναίκες της εργατικής τάξης, εφόσον όλο και περισσότερες θέσεις εργασίας
απαιτούν πιστοποιητικά γνώσεων και έτσι με αυτό τον τρόπο μεγαλώνει το χάσμα μεταξύ των δύο φύλων.
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1. a. Give a
title to the above text.
Απάντηση:
'The changing gender balance
in Higher education'
b. Rephrase the
following. (Do not use the same words from the original) :
"The shift
is occurring as a result of working-class girls and women seeking higher
qualifications, because
More jobs need
credentials, thereby increasing the gender gap".
Απάντηση:
The change in the
proportion of men to women in higher education has come about because many
lower
income females need
university degrees to find work, thus the growing disparity between the sexes.
c. ......... men
are disappearing like flies before a thunderstorm.
Why do you think
the author uses this simile ? (about 30 words). (5 points)
Απάντηση:
The author's simile
emphasises the rapidly decreasing number of men in higher education because
women's
need for qualifications has
been a powerful driving force that has dramatically affected the educational
status quo.
B2. a. Why do
you think a school leaver may not be interested in going into higher education
? Write a short paragraph giving at least four reasons. (Not more than 50
words).
Απάντηση:
Many school leavers start
work immediately to guarantee an income in a society where finding a job is
becoming increasingly
difficult. A degree is no longer expensive and guarantees a career and
following
a parent's footsteps in an
established business, or learning a trade, are becoming more attractive
options for the young.
b. In a short
paragraph give at least three factors which may determine the choice of a job.
(Not more than
50 words).
Απάντηση:
Traditionally young people
have followed the career path of a parent and this is still common today.
However
with the globalization of
the workplace, it is often the availability of work that determines choice.
Also,
factors such as salary or working
conditions define the job a person will choose.
c. What other
factors besides a university degree guarantee a successful career ? In a short
paragraph write
at least four
other factors. (Not more than 50 words).
Απάντηση:
In my opinion there are a
lot of factors that guarantee a successful career. The most important are that
the person seeking a career
should have a strong personality, responsibility, determination and of course
to be willing to work hard
in order to succeed. Furthermore, knowing people in key positions in business
helps a lot. Having more
skills also helps, such as speaking languages or having a second university
degree.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείµενο 180 - 200 λέξεων µε θέµα:
Reality show
upon reality show appear on many TV channels. Write an essay discussing the
reasons why more
and more young
people participate in reality shows.
Απάντηση:
In recent years the most successful TV shows have been the 'Big Brother'
style of reality show, involving a number of young people, recorded by cameras
over a number of weeks. Many people are almost desperate
to appear in them, for reasons that have gone beyond these shows just
being the latest fashion.
Firstly, it is believed that fame is the foremost factor behind many
people's desire to participate in reality
shows. Players know that the TV channels are interested, and newspapers
will all focus on them as
'over-night' stars. It does not involve years of hard work, only the
benefit of being recognized. Not only
the winner, but also many players may go into a range of lucrative
careers through their newly
acquired fame.
It is also true that large sums of prize money or singing contracts are
sometimes available. These represent
more specific incentives for young players. Other participants may claim
that they take part for a change
in their life, to show off, or simply for the challenge. As surveillance
cameras and the media are
ever-present, in our daily lives any fear of invasion of privacy has
been removed by the potential benefits
offered on reality shows.
In conclusion, it can be concluded that the role of the camera and the
desire to become famous are the
essential attractions that lure so many young people to participate in
reality shows.
THE END Of 2004
*********************
ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟ 21 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2003
Δίνεται:
* heyday: αποκορύφωμα
**
Οι λέξεις Cornish,
Chamorro, Occitan και Powhatan δεν θα μεταφραστούν
Απάντηση:
Οι άνθρωποι για ένα μεγάλο διάστημα πίστευαν ότι η ανθρωπότητα θα ήταν πιο ευτυχισμένη, πιο ειρηνική
και από κάθε άποψη ένα καλύτερο μέρος να ζει κανείς αν όλοι οι άνθρωποι μιλούσαμε την ίδια γλώσσα.
Σύμφωνα με την γένεση, ο Θεός ανακάτεψε την γλώσσα των ανθρώπων στη Βαβέλ έτσι ώστε οι απόγονοι
του Νώε να είναι ανίκανοι να συνεργάζονται αρμονικά. Οι διασκορπισμένες φυλές σύντομα εξελίχθηκαν
σε αντίπαλα έθνη και καθώς δεν μπορούσαν πλέον να επικοινωνήσουν εύκολα για να λύνουν τις διαφορές
τους ξέσπασαν πόλεμοι, και πριν καλά το καταλάβει κανείς, μπορεί να συνέβαινε ένα μικρό ολοκαύτωμα
επειδή η γειτονική φυλή δεν πρόφερε κάποια λέξη με τον ίδιο τρόπο.
Με το πέρασμα των αιώνων, διάφορες γλώσσες - στη Δύση κυρίως η Λατινική και η Γαλλική - διακρίθηκαν
από τις υπόλοιπες και κέρδισαν κάποιου είδους παγκόσμιας αναγνώρισης ως κοινές γλώσσες, έστω μόνο
από όσους είχαν την απαραίτητη μόρφωση. Αλλά το αποκορύφωμα τους έχει περάσει και, αλίμονο, έχει
παρέλθει οριστικά. Όλο και περισσότερο σήμερα ο κάθε άνθρωπος είτε μιλάει ήδη είτε μαθαίνει να μιλάει
Αγγλικά. Όλος ο κόσμος μπορεί πλέον να λέει με χαμόγελο "κόκα κόλα" και "μπλου τζην", όπως και
"θέλετε τηγανητές πατάτες με την παραγγελία σας".
Ωστόσο ο Άντριου Ντάλμπυ, συγγραφέας του βιβλίου "Λεξικό των γλωσσών" περιγράφει με πιστικό τρόπο
ότι αυτό που συμβαίνει δεν είναι καλό. Για να αναπτύξει το επιχείρημα του, το βιβλίο του "Γλώσσα σε κίνδυνο"
προσφέρει μια πολύ ενδιαφέρουσα παρουσίαση του τρόπου με τον οποίον οι γλώσσες εξελίσσονται και
αλληλoεπιδρούν, αλλά και τι χάνεται - σε πολιτισμικό και επιστημονικό επίπεδο - όταν πεθαίνει ο τελευταίος
που ξέρει κάποια γλώσσα, π.χ., την Cornish, την Chamorro, την Occitan ή την Powhatan.
Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
Β1. a.
Provide a title for the above text and justify your answer.
Απάντηση:
"Is English to kill
the languages of the world?" The main question asked in this text is
whether humanity can
benefit or not from a
common language, focusing on the future. This title is appropriate as it sums
up the
main point of the text the
way this is expressed in the final paragraph.
b. What is the
writer's style in this passage? Justify your answer by referring to the text.
(not more than
50 words)
Απάντηση:
The write adopts a
colloquial style. This is evident from the fact she/he does not perplex the
syntax of the
text. The vocabulary is not
very academic and also makes use of humour.
c. What is meant
by ".. .your neighbour doesn't pronounce that word the way you do"?
(not more than
30 words)
Απάντηση:
It means that, as it
happens in many languages, differences in pronunciation may cause alteration of
meaning.
The misunderstanding that
almost inevitably follows this may cause people to understand the wrong thing.
Β2. a. What are the pros and cons of a common language?
(not more than 40 words)
Απάντηση:
Common
language helps people to communicate faster and more efficiently; this is an
asset to today's world
of
information. But it may also eliminate individual characteristics of different
cultures, which is exactly what
makes
information a fascinating thing to share.
b. In your opinion why does a language achieve global acceptance?
Provide two reasons
(not more than 40 words).
Απάντηση:
People
want to be able to communicate with others no matter where in the world they
find themselves. It
may
also be a matter of mimicry; people learn the language of their film or music
idol due to the global
entertainment
industry.
c.
Suppose you were a speaker of an endangered language. How could you help your
language to survive?
(not
more than 40 words).
Απάντηση:
I would create cultural
clubs where it would be taught for free to anyone, and at the same time I would
'advertise' my language and
culture in local journals through cultural articles so that is not forgotten
primarily by those who
should speak it anyway.
Να γράψετε κείμενο 180-200 λέξεων με θέμα:
Imagine that a
monthly magazine has invited school graduates to give their opinion on
society's expectations from scientists and researchers.
Write a short
article arguing for your views.
Do not sign it.
Απάντηση:
Life in the 21st century is ruled by modern technology. The technology
is both a blessing and a curse to man
and to the environment. People have high expectations of the ability of
scientists and researchers to find
ways to improve our life in these modern times.
One of the main areas that people look to scientists and researchers to
improve is that of health and medicine.
We are troubled by numerous life-threatening diseases such as AIDs and
cancer and billions of dollars are
spent every year all over the world to try to find better treatments or
even a cure. The layman can do
nothing to influence such areas of research and yet his life may depend
on a scientific breakthrough.
On a less serious note, scientists have greatly improved entertainment
and domestic or household technology
generally in the workplace, technological advances have increase
efficiently, particularly with the coming
of the computer age.
To sum up, we can say, without doubt that people have high expectations
of scientists and researchers but
it is also true to say that the majority of people take progress for
granted and do not always appreciate
the work that scientists do.
THE END Of 2003
**********************************
ΤΕΤΑΡΤΗ 19 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2002
ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:
There are more rich people today than ever before. From sipping
champagne to taking trips into space, they are getting plenty of pleasure -
though these sad souls have worries, too, not least about the damaging effect
their wealth may have on their children.
Without the need to work, wealthy people's children can become
demotivated and purposeless. They can find it difficult to develop an
appreciation of the value of money because they have never been short of it.
They can also feel crushed by the pressure to match the achievements of the
creator of the wealth they are enjoying.
According to a recent survey of the richest 1% of Americans, around half
fear that their children's initiative and independence will be undermined by
having material advantages. How can a child be taught that money is a scarce
commodity when the most clinching reason for turning down a request, "We
can't afford it", does not apply?
Rich American parents, it seems, try to toughen their children by making
them do household chores. According to the survey, 99% of the poor little dears
are expected to tidy their own rooms and 85% to take out the rubbish.
Perhaps more significantly, 77% are expected to take part-time or summer
jobs while at high school.
The Economist, June 16th-22nd, 2001
(25 points)
Απάντηση:
Σήμερα υπάρχουν περισσότεροι πλούσιοι από κάθε άλλη εποχή στο παρελθόν. Υπάρχουν άνθρωποι που αν
και ρουφούν τη σαμπάνια τους παγαίνουν ταξίδια στο διάστημα, και δείχνουν ότι απολαμβάνουν τη ζωή
τους, είναι και αυτοί λυπημένες ψυχές που έχουν ανησυχίες κυρίως για τις καταστροφικές συνέπειες που
μπορεί να έχει αυτός ο πλούτος στα παιδιά τους.
Επειδή δεν υπάρχει ανάγκη να εργαστούν για να επιβιώσουν, τα παιδιά των πλουσίων κινδυνεύουν να γίνουν
άνθρωποι χωρίς κίνητρα και στόχους. Ίσως δυσκολευτούν να αναπτύξουν εκτίμηση για την αξία του
χρήματος, επειδή δεν τους έχει λείψει ποτέ. Ίσως ακόμη νιώθουν να πνίγονται από την πίεση να φανούν
το ίδιο ικανοί με το πρόσωπο του οποίου τον πλούτο απολαμβάνουν.
Σύμφωνα με μια πρόσφατη δημοσκόπηση που αφορούσε το 1% των πλουσιότερων Αμερικανών, περίπου
οι μισοί φοβούνται ότι οι πρωτοβουλίες και η ανεξαρτησία των παιδιών τους θα υπονομευτεί από το
γεγονός ότι απολαμβάνουν υλικά πλεονεκτήματα. Πώς μπορεί ένα παιδί να μάθει ότι το χρήμα είναι ένα
σπάνιο αγαθό, όταν στην προσπάθεια άρνησης για κάτι πού ζήτησε δεν ισχύει το πλέον αδιαμφισβήτητο
επιχείρημα 'Δεν έχουμε χρήματα';
Απ' ότι φαίνεται, οι πλούσιοι Αμερικανοί γονείς προσπαθούν να σκληραγωγήσουν τα παιδιά τους
αναγκάζοντας τα το να κάνουν δουλειές του σπιτιού. Σύμφωνα με την δημοσκόπηση, το 99% των
..."κακόμοιρων" αυτών παιδιών είναι υποχρεωμένα να συμμαζεύουν τα ίδια τα δωμάτια τους και το 85% να
βγάζουν έξω τα σκουπίδια. Ίσως το πιο σημαντικό, το 77% από αυτά υποχρεώνονται να βρουν εργασίες
μερικής απασχόλησης ή καλοκαιρινές δουλειές ενώ φοιτούν στο λύκειο.
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1. a. Give a title to the above text.
Απάντηση:
'What does it really mean to be a child of rich parents?'
b. Rephrase in your own words the following sentence
from the text:
"They can also feel crushed by the pressure to
match the achievements of the creator of the wealth they are enjoying."
Απάντηση:
Rich parents usually expect their children to be as able as they were
themselves when they created their
fortune, but children sometimes are not; the pressure of these
expectations frustrates them.
c. What does the phrase "poor little dears"
refer to? Comment on the way the writer uses it.
Απάντηση:
The phrase is used ironically to refer to children whose rich parents
force them to do household work.
The irony lies on the fact that they are supposedly 'toughened' by what
is in reality far from being hard
work. The writer probably implies that those children are truly spoilt
anyway.
B2. a. Imagine you had the money needed to take a trip
into space. Write the reasons you would or you would not take this trip. (Not
more than 50 words)
Απάντηση:
I would take the trip because it is definitely once-in-a-lifetime
experience for all those millions of people
that, are not astronauts. I would not take it, though, if the money was
necessary for anything concerning
my well-being or that of my family, especially as regards matters of
health.
b. Apart from "the damaging effect their wealth
may have on their children" what other worries do you think that rich people
may have? (Not more than 50 words)
Απάντηση:
The most important thing in rich people's mind is probably how they are
going to maintain their wealth.
The more money one has the more he wishes to multiply it. Also, rich
people always live with the fear
of being robbed, and therefore have to secure their houses very well.
c. Unlike America, in
Απάντηση:
These jobs help students to make their own money and appreciate its
value. But employers may take advantage
of the fact that students are teenagers and pay them less than they
should. Greek parents usually pay most
of their kids' expenses; so children don't learn to rely on such jobs.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:
A monthly magazine has invited its young readers to
contribute their views on the following issue:
"Should young people choose their field of
studies according to their own inclination, or according to job prospects and
advice from parents and/or professionals?"
Write a short article arguing for your own views.
Do not sign it.
Απάντηση:
I believe that when a young person is considering which field of study
to follow, they need help and advice
from both their parents and their teachers, but they should also trust
their instincts too.
Generally speaking, people tend to be better at the subjects that
interest them than they are at those ]
which do not inspire them. I believe that there is no point in a student
choosing a subject because his or
her parents want them to do if they themselves dislike the subject or
are bored by it. Nobody can spend
a sustained amount of time and effort or something that does not
interest or inspire them
in some way.
Occasionally, a student may have their heart set on following a
particular career which forces them to study
a subject which they don't enjoy. For example, a student who would like
to become a history teacher, may
also need to have a language or maths qualification. In this case the
student has little choice but to study
something that they do not enjoy, but they still have the motivation as
it is a means to an end and the
eventual reward will be worth it.
THE END Of 2002
*******************
ΣΑΒΒΑΤΟ 23 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ 2001
ΣΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντας του τη µορφή
που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:
Do the tobacco barons
deserve to be stung for .2bn? Of course. No business is more malignant, killing
more
Than 4.5 million people
annually worldwide and causing immense pain and suffering to many millions of
others.
Does an individual smoker
deserve to receive such a sum? Of course not. Neither the
making a defective product.
The punitive damage was based on the company's conduct, not its product - the
deception, denials and lies
with which it sought to obscure the cancers, heart disease and straightforward
addiction that its product
caused.
Meanwhile in the
conservative judiciary;
decisions by judges rather than jurors; and an obligation to fund the
defendant's costs
if they fail.
The Guardian, Friday June 8,
2001
δίνονται:
L English pound sterling,
bn: billion, m: million, damages: αποζηµιώσεις, To stymie: ανακόπτω,
plaintiff: ο ενάγων
Απάντηση:
Αξίζουν οι βαρόνοι της καπνοβιομηχανίας να πληρώσουν πρόστιμο 2 δις δολαρίων; Ασφαλώς. Καμία επιχείρηση δεν είναι περισσότερο θανατηφόρα από αυτή που σκοτώνει περισσότερα από 4,5 εκατομμύρια ανθρώπων
ετησίως σε όλο τον κόσμο και προκαλώντας αφόρητο πόνο και δυστυχία σε πολλά εκατομμύρια άλλων.
Αξίζει να παραλάβει ένα τέτοιο ποσό ένας μεμονωμένος καπνιστής; Ασφαλώς όχι. Ούτε οι ΗΠΑ ούτε το Ηνωμένο
Βασίλειο έχουν αναπτύξει ως τώρα ικανοποιητικό νομικό καθεστώς με το οποίο να αναγκάζουν την βιομηχανία
να πληρώσει για το κακό που προκαλεί. Τουλάχιστον οι ΗΠΑ όμως είναι πολύ μπροστά από το Ηνωμένο βασίλειο
σε αυτό το θέμα. Η χθεσινή δικαστική απόφαση στις ΗΠΑ με την οποία ένα σώμα ενόρκων στο Λος Άντζελες
καταδίκασε την εταιρεία Φίλιπ Μόρις να πληρώσει 2 δις δολάρια για ποινική αποζημίωση και 3,5 εκατομμύρια
Αγγλικές λίρες για γενική αποζημίωση σε καπνιστή ο οποίος υποφέρει από καρκίνο, θέλει νέα δεδομένα στην
εκδίκαση μηνύσεων από μεμονωμένα άτομα. Η εταιρεία κρίθηκε ένοχη για έξι παραπτώματα εξαπάτησης,
εγκληματικής ενέργειας και παραγωγής ελαττωματικού προϊόντος. Η πρόσθετη ποινή πέραν της αποζημίωσης
που υπεβλήθη, βασίστηκε στην διαγωγή της εταιρείας και όχι στο προϊόν της, δηλαδή στην εξαπάτηση,
τις διαψεύσεις και τα ψέματα με τα οποία αποπειράθηκε να συγκαλύψει τις περιπτώσεις καρκίνου, καρδιακών
παθήσεων και φανερής εξάρτησης που προκάλεσε το προϊόν της.
Εν τω μεταξύ στο Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, οι νομικές αγωγές έχουν ανακοπεί λόγω του ότι οι ενάγοντες έχουν
να αντιμετωπίσουν κι άλλα εμπόδια: το συντηρητικό σύστημα δικαιοσύνης, το γεγονός ότι τις αποφάσεις
λαμβάνουν δικαστές και όχι σώμα ενόρκων, καθώς και την υποχρέωση να αναλάβουν τα έξοδα του
εναγόμενου σε περίπτωση που αυτός αθωωθεί.
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1. a. Give a
title to the above text.
Απάντηση:
'The need for legal action
against tobacco companies.'
b. Does The
Guardian take a view in its article or is it merely stating the facts,
keeping equal distances from
both sides?
Justify your answer. (Not more than 30 words).
Απάντηση:
'The Guardian' clearly
agrees with taking legal measures against tobacco companies. It says that 'of
course'
the have to pay, and
describes them as 'malignant', 'causing immense pain', etc.
c. "... the
What does The
Guardian mean by this sentence and how is this meaning justified in the
text?
(Not more than
50 words).
Απάντηση:
This sentence means that
the
The writer cites the example
of 'Philip Morris' which was fined $2bn, when at the same time the legal system
in
B2. a. Why does
a teenager start smoking today? Write at least four different reasons.
Απάντηση:
Teenagers usually want to
feel like grown-ups, and therefore they imitate their habits, one of which is
smoking. They also imitate
each other, and so they start smoking so that they do not feel different
from their friends. Others smoke
simply because their parents tell them not to, and teenagers usually
do the opposite of what
they are told to do, or they feel that smoking relaxes them from problems.
b. Why do you
think decisions taken by judges rather than jurors may differ in a case like
the one mentioned
in the text?
Απάντηση:
In such cases the plaintiff
is only the tip of the iceberg compared to all those who suffer from smoking.
Therefore a number of
people deciding on the subject would be more just than an individual in the
same position. Furthermore,
an individual could be more easily influenced by a powerful company
than a group of people
would be.
c. Based on the
text, write a paragraph addressed to a friend of yours who smokes, and try to
convince him/her to stop smoking. (Not more than 50 words).
Start your
paragraph with Dear John or Dear Mary and end it with Yours,
XYZ.
Απάντηση:
Dear John, I just read an
article that may persuade you to quit smoking. Here, in the
or even impossible to claim
any compensation from tobacco companies. if, Gad forbid, you end up
suffering from, say,
cancer, the law won't help you, so help yourself.
Yours, XYZ
Γ. Να γράψετε κείµενο 180 - 200 λέξεων µε θέµα:
It is claimed
that Greek students preparing for career examinations are the most hard-working
people in
Their community.
Do you believe that their strong efforts and long-lasting studying will
eventually be justified?
Απάντηση:
I believe that after good
health, education is the greatest asset in life than one can have. People who
choose
to go onto further
education or to study for vocational reasons show that they have a desire
inside them
to do well in life.
Studying, no matter what the
subject, demands commitment and self-discipline. There can be no doubt that
when an employer is looking
for a new recruit, qualifications which are relevant to the job, are probably
the number one priority.
Without doubt it is never a
waste of a person's time to expand their knowledge and skills. For many jobs,
a certain amount of
academic success is necessary in order to get a foot on the career ladder.
Anyone who works really
hard and especially those who succeed in passing exams, increase the choices
they will have in life.
Also the feeling of self-worth one feels when one achieves something difficult
is
easily enough to justify
all the effort that has been expended. Maybe over weeks or months or ever
over years.
THE END Of 2001
*********************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
Ιούλιος 2000
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο:
Last
week hundreds of people flocked to Japan’s famous tourist spot,
There is
a magic in trees that touches us all. The death of a tree inspires a strange
empathy. When the 13th century the Hunter’s oak tree was blown down
at
The novelist
John Fowles wrote that ‘trees epitomize a concept of time that has nothing to
do with human clocking and calendaring’.
Time,
The Weekly News Magazine,
November 15, 1999
Σημείωση : Nα μην μεταφραστούν τα κύρια ονόματα Nikko και John Fowles καθώς και η λέξη redwood. Επίσης,
ο τίτλος και η ημερομηνία του εντύπου να μην μεταφραστούν.
Απάντηση:
Την περασμένη βδομάδα εκατοντάδες άνθρωποι κατέκλυσαν το φημισμένο τουριστικό μέρος της Ιαπωνίας Nikko, για να θαυμάσουν τα όμορφα, διακριτικά χρώματα του φθινοπώρου. Οι κάτοικοι των πόλεων κυρίως έχουν την τύχη να ζουν το δράμα των εποχών που αλλάζουν. Το πέρασμα από το καλοκαίρι στο χειμώνα είναι μια περίοδος θλίψης για στιγμές χαράς που πέρασαν . μια περίοδος για περισυλλογή. Η ζωή σήμερα είναι τόσο στιγμιαία, τόσο εφήμερη, που η ζωή των δέντρων είναι σχεδόν υπερβολικά μεγάλη για εμάς που ζούμε σ΄ ένα μοντέρνο, ψηφιοποιημένο, αυτοματοποιημένο κόσμο, για να μπορούμε να την αντιληφθούμε. Υπάρχει μια παλιά παροιμία, που λέει ότι μια βελανιδιά μεγαλώνει για 300 χρόνια, ξεκουράζεται για άλλα 300 και με αξιοπρέπεια πεθαίνει σε άλλα 300 χρόνια. Εμείς οι άνθρωποι ίσως ενθουσιαζόμαστε με την ιδέα μιας καινούργιας χιλιετίας, αλλά υπάρχουν δέντρα που ακόμη παραμένουν στη ζωή έχοντας δει χιλιετίες να έρχονται και να παρέρχονται. Το πιο παλιό δέντρο στον κόσμο, γνωστό ως Αιώνιος Θεός, είναι ένα redwood που υπάρχει στην Καλιφόρνια. Ο Αιώνιος Θεός έχει ηλικία 12.000 ετών.
Υπάρχει μια μαγεία στα δέντρα που μας αγγίζει όλους. Κατά έναν παράξενο τρόπο, ο θάνατος ενός δέντρου μας εμπνέει να συμπάσχουμε. Όταν η βελανιδιά του 13ου αιώνα, γνωστή ως ‘Του Κυνηγού’, ξεριζώθηκε από το φύσημα του ανέμου στο Windsor της Αγγλίας το 1863, η Βασίλισσα Βικτόρια κήρυξε εθνικό πένθος.
Ο μυθιστοριογράφος John Fowles έγραψε ότι ‘τα δέντρα αντικατοπτρίζουν /ενσαρκώνουν / αποτελούν μικρογραφία μια(ς) έννοια(ς) του χρόνου που δεν έχει καμία σχέση με το πώς οι άνθρωποι καταγράφουν το χρόνο και με το πώς χωρίζουν το χρόνο σε καθορισμένες περιόδους’.
Time,
The Weekly News Magazine,
November 15, 1999
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
Β1. α. Give a title to the above text.
Απάντηση:
B1 a.
TREES, A MEASURE OF OUR INSIGNIFICANCE
b. How might a visit in the woods in October affect an old man and a
city child?
Justify your answer. (Not more than 30 words).
Απάντηση:
b. The
old man sees the falling leaves as happy times gone by and the end of a life
cycle, while the city child sees them just as the end of summer.
c. Explain what John Fowles means by ‘trees epitomize a concept of time
that has nothing to do with human clocking and calendaring’. (Not more than 50
words).
Απάντηση:
c. Man
divides time into fixed periods and records it accordingly. He lives and works
in his mechanized world on the assumption and perception that time is linear.
Trees, however, develop independently of this human conception. Their life
cycles repeat themselves in an imperceptible way that defies human
comprehension.
B2 a. Based on recent discoveries in the fields of Genetics and Medicine
we can assume that humans, sometime in the future, will be able to live for
centuries - just like trees. What are your personal thoughts and feelings about
this perspective? (Not more than 50 words).
Απάντηση:
B2 a. I
wouldn't want to live so long, myself, as a life as long as that would probably
render human beings incorrigible and unbearable egotists. Personally, I would
like to reach old age alive and kicking as a happy individual. Besides that, if
we lived longer, the world would face overpopulation and all the problems
associated with it.
b. How is one’s mood affected by season? Refer to any two seasons you
prefer. (Not more than 50 words).
Απάντηση:
b. For
most people, spring and autumn awaken feelings of pessimism and optimism
respectively as human nature is susceptible to subtle environmental changes.
Personally, I find all seasons unique for their own particularities, but if I
had to single out one of them, I would opt for winter because it brings me
Christmas and the magic of the fireplace.
c. In some tropical countries temperatures remain high all the year
round and there is no change of seasons. Would you like to live in such a
country and why? (Not more than 50 words).
Απάντηση:
c. I
can’t imagine myself living in a tropical country as I have grown up always
expecting to witness the tangible changes of seasons and fall under their
spell. In terms of climatic conditions, I feel privileged to be living in
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180-200 λέξεων με θέμα:
Some people claim that printed books in the future, even books read for
enjoyment, will be replaced by electronic books (e.g. computers and CD-ROMs).
Do you believe that this will happen? Write your views.
Απάντηση:
( Longer
version than required for the purpose of offering more ideas on the subject)
Modern
technology, and computers in particular, are already touching our lives deeply.
We are watching something historic happen, and it will affect the world
seismically. The Internet has opened new horizons in all fields of life and it
is already rocking us the same way the discovery of the scientific method, the
invention of printing, and the dawn of the Industrial Age did. Inevitably,
printed books are expected to be phased out in the near future and replaced by
electronic books. We should expect heated debates about this as every
transition to something new and revolutionary faces stiff opposition and
carries costs.
For more
than 500 years, the bulk of human knowledge and information has been stored as
paper documents. Paper will be with us indefinitely, but its importance as a
means of finding, preserving, and distributing information is already
diminishing. The real point of electronic documents is not simply that we will
read them on hardware devices. Going from paper book to e-book is just the
final stage of a process already well under way. This will cause dramatic
repercussions. We will have to rethink not only what is meant by the term
"document", but also by "author", "publisher",
"office", "classroom", and "textbook".
When we
think of a "document" we probably visualize pieces of paper with
something printed on them, but that is a narrow definition. A document can be
any body of information. A newspaper article is a document, but the broadest definition
also includes a television show, a song, or an interactive video game. Rich
electronic documents can do things no piece of paper can, and will eventually
replace many printed paper ones because they will be able to help us in new
ways.
But not
for quite some time. The paper-based book, magazine, or newspaper still has a
lot of advantages over its digital counterpart. To read a digital document you
need a personal computer. A book is small, lightweight and inexpensive compared
to the cost of a computer. For at least a decade it won't be as convenient to
read a long, sequential document on a computer screen as on paper. The first
digital documents to achieve widespread use will do so by offering new
functionality rather than simply duplicating the older medium.
Some
documents are so superior in digital form that the paper version is rarely
used. Current print encyclopedias consist of nearly two dozen volumes, with
millions of words of text and thousands of illustrations, and cost a fair
amount of money. That's quite an investment, especially considering how rapidly
the information gets out of date. No wonder, Microsoft Encarta, which
incidentally is outselling print and other multimedia encyclopedias, comes on a
single CD-ROM (which stands for Compact Disc - Read Only Memory).
Today,
printed information is hard to locate. It's almost impossible to find all the
best information - including books, news articles, and film clips - on a
specific topic. It is extremely time-consuming to assemble the information you
can find. Electronic documents, however, are interactive. Request a kind of
information, and the document responds. The flexibility invites exploration,
and the exploration is rewarded with discovery.
Among
all the types of paper documents, narrative fiction will probably be one of the
few that will not benefit from electronic organization. Almost every reference
book has an index, but novels don't because there is no need to be able to look
something up in a novel. Novels are linear, and will still be popular.
In
conclusion, electronic documents will eventually replace most forms of printed
ones and books in their present form will become a thing of the past. We are
probably the generation that will rise, protest and condemn, but all to no
avail. The irreversible and exponential expansion of computing power will sweep
along individual and collective beliefs and theories and offer people a new
means with which to express themselves and communicate. New technology will
open undreamed-of artistic and scientific opportunities to the forthcoming
generations.
THE END Of 2000
********************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΛΙΟΣ 1999
A. Nα αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο :
From an early age, schoolchildren toil over difficult foreign verbs.
Bookstores and news-stands keep multilingual stocks, and advertisers and
television broadcasters think nothing of mixing, say, German, English and
French.
But all this shrinks into insignificance compared with the polyglot
goings-on at the headquarters of the European Union in
The 15-country
It is a gargantuan enterprise, by any standard. The United Nations, with
its 185 members, has just five official languages.
And the European repertory is expected to grow. With talks under way on
plans for 10 Central and East European countries to join the union, even ardent
linguists agree that a
No wonder then that every so often someone tries to shrink this enormous
linguistic bureaucracy. Not long ago,
International Herald Tribune, Saturday-Sunday,
February 27-28, 1999
Απάντηση:
Η Ευρώπη είναι μια ήπειρος που αγαπά τις γλώσσες.
Από μικρές ηλικίες, οι μαθητές βασανίζονται για να μάθουν δύσκολα ρήματα σε ξένες γλώσσες. Βιβλιοπωλεία και περίπτερα διατηρούν αποθέματα ξενόγλωσσων εντύπων και οι διαφημιστές και οι εκφωνητές της τηλεόρασης δεν διστάζουν να αναμείξουν, παραδείγματος χάριν, τη γερμανική με την αγγλική και τη γαλλική.
Αυτό όμως καταλήγει να θεωρείται άνευ σημασίας συγκρινόμενο με την πολυγλωσσία που επικρατεί στη Διεύθυνση της Ευρωπαϊκής 'Ενωσης στις Βρυξέλλες.
Η Ευρωπαϊκή 'Ενωση των 15 χωρών λειτουργεί με 11 επίσημες γλώσσες. Ως αποτέλεσμα (της πολυγλωσσίας), η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, το μέγεθος της οποίας είναι πολύ μικρότερο σε έκταση από των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών, διατηρεί τον μεγαλύτερο αριθμό μεταφραστικού προσωπικού στον κόσμο.
Είναι μια γιγαντιαία επιχείρηση από κάθε άποψη. Ο Οργανισμός Ενωμένων Εθνών, με τα 185 μέλη του, χρησιμοποιεί μόνο 5 επίσημες γλώσσες.
Και το Ευρωπαϊκό ρεπερτόριο των γλωσσών αναμένεται να αυξηθεί. Με τις συζητήσεις που βρίσκονται σε εξέλιξη και αφορούν σχέδια για προσάρτηση 10 Κεντρικών και Ανατολικών Ευρωπαϊκών χωρών στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, ακόμη και οι πιο ένθερμοι (υποστηρικτές της πολυγλωσσίας) γλωσσολόγοι συμφωνούν ότι επίκειται ένας νέος Πύργος της Βαβέλ.
Δεν είναι να απορεί κανείς λοιπόν, ότι σε μόνιμη βάση κάποιος προσπαθεί να περιορίσει αυτή την τεράστια γλωσσική γραφειοκρατία. Πρόσφατα, η Γαλλία και η Αυστρία πρότειναν, για τις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις, ο οργανισμός να μειώσει τις γλώσσες σε πέντε: Γαλλικά, Γερμανικά, Αγγλικά, Ιταλικά και Ισπανικά. Λόγω της διαμαρτυρίας που ακολούθησε, στην οποία πρωτοστάτησαν οι πολύ ενοχλημένοι Δανοί, Ολλανδοί και Έλληνες, η ιδέα δεν υλοποιήθηκε (μπήκε στο περιθώριο).
B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1 a. Give a title and a subtitle to the above text.
Απάντηση:
Β1. a. Title:
The Problem of Multilingualism in EU.
Subtitle: The
b. Find three phrases that the author of the text uses
to illustrate the problem of multilingualism in EU.
Απάντηση:
b. 1) Schoolchildren toil over difficult foreign verbs.
2) Even ardent linguists agree that a
3) As a result the European Union - which would fit into the
c. Write the two comparisons that the author makes to
illustrate the problem mentioned in question b.
Απάντηση:
c. 1) But all this shrinks into insignificance compared with the
polyglot going-ons at the headquarters of the European Union in
2) The United Nations, with its 185 members, has just five official
languages.
Β2 α. In your
opinion, is it worth toiling over difficult verbs from an early age? Discuss
the advantages and disadvantages. (Not more than 40 words).
Απάντηση:
B2. a. The earlier a child becomes familiar with a foreign language the easier
it will be for it to speak it fluently. On the other hand, the problem a child
may encounter by learning difficult verbs could later on result in his having a
negative attitude towards that specific language.
b. Why do you think advertisers in
Απάντηση:
b. It is common knowledge that Greek people are favourably disposed to
almost anything coming from abroad. It is then wise for an advertiser to use
English words when promoting a product, since it is certain that it will make
it more appealing to the Greek consumers.
c. You were asked to support the Greek language in the
European Union, right after the proposal of
(Not more than 50 words).
Απάντηση:
c. Greek is one of the oldest languages in the world and one with a
widespread influence on many other languages. In fields like medicine, science
and literature, countless Greek words have been adopted for want of better
alternatives from other languages. Moreover, the Greek culture is widely known
and respected through the works of ancient philosophers and historians.
Therefore, if we were to allow the European Union to exclude the Greek
language, it would be tantamount to denying part of our history and
long-lasting values.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180-200 λέξεων με θέμα:
In some countries of the world, becoming an adult is
synonymous with leaving home and being independent’.
Do you agree with this statement or not? What is your
opinion about it?
Απάντηση:
In some modern western societies, it is believed that becoming an adult
is synonymous with leaving home and living independently. To a great extent, I
agree with this statement although I think certain points need to be made
clear.
To begin with, leaving home in order to live alone, appealing and
enticing though it may sound to most young people, is far more than a simple
escape from parental restriction or oppression . It is certainly not for those
unprepared to fend for themselves in simple household matters they had always
taken for granted. Those who dismiss this factor as unimportant are definitely
in for a nasty shock. On the other hand, living alone will sooner or later
bring them face to face with themselves and their innermost self. Under the
circumstances, it is only natural that such feelings as loneliness, depression
and a struggle to tame occasional fits of moodiness will bring home a new reality
of life.
However, there are positive sides to this as well. Psychological
survival is the biggest victory against yourself and the signalling of a new,
mature, self-aware and responsible individual emerging. Armed with strength of
character, a young person will see it as a challenge to learn to cope with the
responsibilities and demands of life and will soon take them in his stride
through trial and error.
If adulthood means acquiring maturity and wisdom through experiences ,
then leaving home and being independent can, indeed, substantially contribute
to it.
THE END Of 1999
*******************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1998
A. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας , στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.
The Boards of the
In the independent sector, however, some schools are moving in the
opposite direction. The classic example is
Mark Emney,
This term, in addition to working with the school on his own
composition, Mr. Emney is giving up Saturday mornings to help pupils to record
their work on a CD. ‘I could write lots of pieces for my own ego but the most
rewarding thing is to go into the classroom and find a key that opens a door
for the youngsters.’
Above all, he believes, music has to be accessible. ‘I try not to make
it too complicated.’
Indeed, Mr. Emney’s entire philosophy of music education is based on its
universality. ‘If I was asked to justify the programme,’ he adds, ‘I would say
that it helps to unify the school. And it generates a feeling of well-being’.
Nigel Williamson, The Times, June 5 1998
Δίνεται: composer - in
residence: μόνιμος συνθέτης
Απάντηση:
Τα μέλη του Συμβουλίου του Βασιλικού Κολεγίου Μουσικής στην Αγγλία έχουν περιγράψει με μελανά χρώματα την παρακμή στην διδασκαλία της ενόργανης μουσικής στα σχολεία για όλες τις ηλικίες.
Στον ανεξάρτητο / ιδιωτικό τομέα, ωστόσο, κάποια σχολεία κινούνται προς την αντίθετη κατεύθυνση. Το κλασσικό παράδειγμα είναι το σχολείο Millfield , το οποίο για πρώτη φορά στην ιστορία του έχει διορίσει ένα μόνιμο συνθέτη.
Ο Mark Emney, ένας 43χρονος συνθέτης, που έχει γράψει εκτενώς για την τηλεόραση, τον κινηματογράφο και το θέατρο, διανύει τώρα την τρίτη του περίοδο σε μια θέση που ο ίδιος θεωρεί μοναδική.
Αυτό το τρίμηνο, εκτός από το ότι επιμελείται της δικής του σύνθεσης σε συνεργασία με το σχολείο, ο κ. Emney διαθέτει τα πρωινά του Σαββάτου για να βοηθήσει τους μαθητές να καταγράψουν τη δουλειά τους σε CD. ‘Θα μπορούσα να γράψω πολλά κομμάτια για την προσωπική μου ικανοποίηση, αλλά αυτό που με ικανοποιεί περισσότερο από ηθικής πλευράς είναι να μπαίνω στην τάξη και να βρίσκω ένα κλειδί που ανοίγει μια πόρτα στους νέους’.
Πάνω απ΄ όλα, πιστεύει, η μουσική πρέπει να είναι προσιτή σε όλους. ‘Προσπαθώ να μην την κάνω υπερβολικά περίπλοκη’.
Πράγματι, ολόκληρη η φιλοσοφία του κ.Emney για τη μουσική παιδεία βασίζεται στην παγκοσμιότητά / οικουμενικότητά της. ‘Αν μου ζητούσαν να δικαιολογήσω το πρόγραμμα’, προσθέτει, ‘θα έλεγα ότι βοηθάει στην ενοποίηση του σχολείου. Και δημιουργεί ένα συναίσθημα ευημερίας’.
B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1 a. Suggest an appropriate title for the above text.
Απάντηση:
Β1. a.
Professional musician appointed in private school.
b. Do you think that Mr. Emney’s musical experience
helped him in his new post? Justify your answer.
(not more than 40 words)
Απάντηση:
b. The fact that Mr. Emney has written music extensively for a variety
of fields means that he has acquired a wide experience of the subject and is
ready to give his privileged students a real insight into music.
c. What does Mr. Emney mean by ‘... it generates a
feeling of well-being’?
(not more than 30 words)
Απάντηση:
c. He means that after he has helped unify the school with music, school
children are brought closer together with a new sense of co-operation and
creativity. Once again, music has broken the barriers.
B2 a. In your opinion, how does music unify a school?
(not more than 40 words)
Απάντηση:
B2 a. Being a kind of universal language , music is a vehicle for
communicating ideas, feelings and a sort of common goal, a shared vision. So it
generates a sense of unity among the students of the school.
b. Could the example of
Απάντηση:
b. Theoretically, it could. All is needed is a bold step on the part of
the ministry and a change in the attitude of teachers and students , as music
has been traditionally undervalued as a school subject, not to mention cases
where music is even out of the school curriculum.
c. Do you believe that a composer can be a successful
teacher too? (not more than 50 words)
Απάντηση:
c. I most certainly do. If he transferred his musical knowledge to
education using the harmony and discipline of music during and after lessons
and above all believed in the intrinsic value of what he was doing, he could
certainly bring a new and promising approach to teaching.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
Television has helped improve the standards of
education. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
Απάντηση:
Whether television can contribute to learning and provide the right
stimuli for young people to help them increase their knowledge and
understanding depends entirely on the kind of programmes they are exposed to.
Television can be an excellent contributing factor to learning if more
educational programmes were broadcast during the early evening hours when so
many children watch television. For instance, a child watching a documentary on
the pollution of the environment may come up with questions about it.
Documentaries and debates about current affairs such as the problem of AIDS,
drugs and so on can be really informative and increase the awareness of many
youngsters.
However, the reality is harsher than we could have imagined. With the
exception of one or sometimes two state channels, which do present a wide range
of documentaries on various topics, all the other private channels care only
about the commercial viability of their programmes and totally ignore
educational needs. Inappropriate and obscene language, purely materialistic
ideals and frivolous programmes of zero educational content continually parade
in front of the TV screen making one wonder if TV channels ever cared about the
sensitive eyes and hearts watching all these. The purpose of TV as an
educational means is thus defeated.
To sum up, a certain minority of TV programmes does improve the
standards of education whereas the vast majority of them undermines any desire
for serious learning and sullies the image of television as an educational
means.
THE END Of 1998
*********************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1997
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας στην ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.
Jon Stone’s gift was to teach children useful things while they were
falling about with laughter or gripped by a story. Millions of otherwise
deprived children have learnt at least the rudiments of knowledge - counting
and spelling - by watching ‘Sesame Street’, an American television show that
Mr. Stone helped to create. It doesn’t sound much, numbers and letters, but
unless you make a start you’ll never become a brain surgeon. Many Americans who
got to university were happy to acknowledge that they grew up on ‘
The intellectual approval posed a question for Jon Stone. Was it enough
to see the programme as no more than a primer for numbers and letters, however
ingeniously they were put across? Clearly it was not. ‘
‘
The Economist, April 5th 1997
Δίνεται: Hispanics: Ισπανόφωνοι, primer: αναγνωστικό.
Απάντηση:
O Jon Stone είχε το χάρισμα να διδάσκει στα παιδιά χρήσιμα πράγματα, ενώ αυτά λυνόταν στα γέλια ή άκουγαν συνεπαρμένα μια ιστορία. Εκατομμύρια παιδιών, που σε κάθε άλλη περίπτωση, θα έμεναν στερημένα από μόρφωση, έχουν πάρει τουλάχιστον τις βασικές γνώσεις αριθμητικής και ορθογραφίας παρακολουθώντας το πρόγραμμα ‘Sesame Street ’, ένα Αμερικανικό τηλεοπτικό πρόγραμμα , το οποίο δημιουργήθηκε με τη βοήθεια του κ. Stone. Δεν ακούγεται σαν κάτι σπουδαίο, μόνον αριθμοί και γράμματα, αλλά αν δεν κάνεις μια αρχή, ποτέ δε θα γίνεις χειρούργος εγκεφάλου. Πολλοί Αμερικανοί, που μπήκαν στο Πανεπιστήμιο δήλωσαν με χαρά ότι μεγάλωσαν με το πρόγραμμα ‘Sesame Street’.
Ωστόσο, ετέθη ένα ερώτημα στον Jon Stone ως προς την πνευματική αποδοχή του προγράμματος. Ήταν άραγε αρκετό να δει κανείς το πρόγραμμα σαν τίποτε περισσότερο από ένα αναγνωστικό αριθμών και γραμμάτων παρά τον έξυπνο τρόπο που αυτά μεταδίδονταν ; Είναι ξεκάθαρο πως όχι. Το πρόγραμμα ‘Sesame Street’ ξεκίνησε τολμηρά να προσφέρει στους θεατές ένα μέρος απ' αυτό που ονομάσθηκε πολυμορφία της ζωής. Παρουσίασε πραγματικούς ανθρώπους, όπως έναν τυφλό άνδρα και μια βουβή γυναίκα. Επίσης, Μαύροι, Ισπανόφωνοι και Ινδιάνοι της Αμερικής εμφανίστηκαν σε αυτό.
Για μερικούς η εκπομπή ‘Sesame Street’ ξεχώρισε επειδή ήταν πολιτικά ορθή. Ευτυχώς δεν είναι. Τις περισσότερες φορές ο Jon Stone ήταν ανατρεπτικός. Οι χαρακτήρες που δημιούργησε είναι έξοχες παρωδίες ανθρώπων. Ήταν ιδιαίτερα ευτυχής όταν στηλίτευε κάθε μορφή ‘ορθότητας’.
The Economist, 5 Απριλίου 1997
B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις:
B1. a. Provide a title for the above text and justify
your answer.
Απάντηση:
Β1α. "The Contribution
of Sesame Street to American Education and Social Awareness". Besides
helping children to learn the basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic,
‘
b. What do you think the writer means by ‘otherwise
deprived children’ in the first paragraph?
(About 30 words):
Απάντηση:
b. Children coming from a poor family background who lack the things
that are considered necessary for a comfortable and happy life. Their only
opportunity to learn is through ‘
c. Why do you think the phrase ‘sticking a pin’
in the last paragraph is appropriate in this text?
(About 30 words)
Απάντηση:
c. It is appropriate in this text because by presenting minorities and
groups of people with physical defects, Jon Stone questioned the values of the
American social system and showed that in society there’s a pattern of life
beyond the ‘correct’ image broadcast by the media.
B2 a. ‘Blacks, Hispanics and American Indians made
their appearance’ (2nd paragraph)
What message could the appearance of such people
convey to young children, especially in
(About 30 words)
Απάντηση:
B2 a. It is the duty of the media to present ethnic minorities as an inseparable
part of American society so that the image of a multiracial society where
people co-exist peacefully together without racial discrimination is conveyed
to the young generation.
b. You are a young American who grew up on ‘
Απάντηση:
b. When I recall those hard times of my childhood with my father being
unemployed and me having to get a job to help my family make ends meet, ‘
c. Imagine you are a teacher. Do you think that a
child learns better while having fun? (About 40 words).
Απάντηση:
c. I have been a dedicated teacher for many years and I can state
categorically that children become really interested in the lesson, when I use
fun activities such as role playing and group competitions to motivate my
students to participate in the learning process more actively. In this way, I believe
even the shyest student can be encouraged to become an active participant.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120-150 λέξεων με θέμα :
You have been asked to write an article about the
lives of young people for an international young people’s magazine. Describe
two or three ways in which young people in your town or city spend their
leisure time, and suggest two or three improvements in the existing facilities
or the creation of two or three new ones.
Απάντηση:
The aim of this article is to describe young people’s life nowadays and
at the same time delve into the ways in which they spend their leisure time.
To begin with, young people's life styles today are completely different
from those of past generations. Living in a harsh and competitive society, they
find themselves under constant pressure to rise to the challenges of modern
times and make the grade as successful members of our society. Competition in
the fields of education and future careers is so fierce and puts such a great
strain on them that quite a few inevitably see their efforts come to nothing
and their dreams for a better future in tatters.
It is plain to see that such a state of affairs leaves little room for
personal recreation as free time has become a scarce commodity for most
teenagers. When it does become available, it is utilised in a number of ways
according to personal tastes and interests. Most commonly young people enjoy
socializing in bars and cafes, which are usually packed with standing people. A
good many of them will prolong their stay there exchanging ideas and at the
same time pursuing new interesting acquaintances. Joining sport clubs is a
popular option for the more athletic-minded as the need for physical activity
is also seen as an attempt to let off steam from academic pressures. Many will
stay on in basketball or tennis courts till late in the evening and quite a few
are seen in tracksuits even in the streets of town . Computer centres always
remain immensely popular with the young attracting large masses of them . Now
that the Internet offers instant access to just about any source of information
and more and more cafeterias have begun to offer paid connection to the
Internet, a relatively new pastime appears to be gaining ground as the young
can, in this way, combine socializing with electronic entertainment and
education.
It is self-evident that these current trends dictate a new kind of state
infrastructure in terms of building facilities. Attempts are being made by the
local authorities to improve the existing ones and create new ones but, as is
usually the case, adequate state funding is always the stumbling block. Ideas
exist, but their implementation will probably take years. Ideally, a wide range
of recreational , sports and study centres would provide the solution to the
modern needs of the young encouraging and motivating them to spend their
leisure time constructively.
THE END Of 1997
******************
University Exams
Πανελλαδικές εξετάσεις – Ειδικό μάθημα – ΑΓΓΛΙΚΑ
Θέματα πανελλαδικών εξετάσεων της Αγγλικής γλώσσας του έτους 1996
A. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιο σας στην Ελληνική γλώσσα το παρακάτω κείμενο.
Προσδίδοντας την μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε
Ελληνικό έντυπο.
A computerized world may show some surprising
side effects. For instance, it can initiate a decentralization
of society.
The proper use of computers and communications satellites
will make it unnecessary to travel, as long as transfer of information is all
that is required. There will be a lower need to gather in large clusters of
humanity, since no one must be near the job, or near another person.
Increasingly, people will be able to live where they choose.
The world will become still smaller, and as international and
intercontinental communication becomes more commonplace, English (already the
international language of business, science and diplomacy) will continue to
spread. It is possible that to it will be added tricks of vocabulary and grammar from
various other languages,
so that a kind of self-developing international language will arise that
will not be quite English and that, its very existence, will help promote a
feeling of planetary togetherness.
In fact, if we are not to have a nuclear war, or even if we
keep the peace - there will have to be some way of making sure that the feeling
of planetary togetherness increases over the next 25 years. And what better way
than with language?
American Studies Newsletter, September 1989
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Ένας κόσμος που λειτουργεί με υπολογιστές μπορεί να παρουσιάσει μερικές πολύ περίεργες παρενέργειες.
Για παράδειγμα μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε αποκέντρωση της κοινωνίας. Με την κατάλληλη χρήση των υπολογιστών
και των επικοινωνιακών δορυφόρων τα ταξίδια θα γίνουν περιττά, καθώς θα είναι απαραίτητη μόνο η μεταφορά πληροφοριών.
Η ανάγκη να ζουν μαζί μεγάλος αριθμός ανθρώπων θα μειωθεί, αφού κανείς δεν θα χρειάζεται να ζει κοντά στη δουλειά του ή σε άλλους ανθρώπους. Όσο περνάει ο καιρός οι άνθρωποι θα μπορούν να ζουν όπου τους αρέσει.
Ο κόσμος θα γίνει ακόμη μικρότερος, και η Αγγλική γλώσσα (που είναι ήδη η διεθνής γλώσσα των επιχειρήσεων, των επιστημών και της διπλωματίας) θα συνεχίσει να εξαπλώνεται καθώς η διεθνής και διηπειρωτική επικοινωνία θα θεωρείται περισσότερο δεδομένη. Είναι πιθανό να προστεθούν σε αυτήν στοιχεία λεξιλογίου και γραμματικής από
διάφορες άλλες γλώσσες, έτσι ώστε να αναπτυχθεί μόνο του ένα είδος διεθνούς γλώσσας που δεν θα είναι ακριβώς Αγγλικά και μόνο η ύπαρξη του οποίου θα συμβάλλει στην ανάπτυξη ενός συναισθήματος παγκόσμιας αλληλεγγύης. Για την ακρίβεια, εάν θέλουμε να αποφύγουμε ένα πυρηνικό πόλεμο, ή να διατηρήσουμε γενικά την ειρήνη, θα πρέπει να υπάρξει κάποιος τρόπος ώστε να διασφαλισθεί η ανάπτυξη του συναισθήματος παγκόσμιας αλληλεγγύης για τα επόμενα 25 χρόνια. Και ποιος τρόπος είναι καλύτερος από τη γλώσσα για αυτό το σκοπό;
Β. Να γράψετε στο τετράδιο τις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις και να απαντήσετε στα αγγλικά.
B.1 a. What sort of readers would be
particularly interested in reading this text? justify your answer.
Απάντηση:
People interested in this text could be sociologists generally
interested in futurological
theories. The reason is that the text describes aspects of the future of
human
communities on earth, and the effect it will have globally.
b. What subtitle would you give to this text
titled 'life in the 31st century ?
Give two (2) reasons
for your choice.
Απάντηση:
"A world without borders". Firstly such a subtitle fits the
text, as it describes precisely a word where boundaries will not exist, either
for physical or linguistic contact between people. Second, the title could not
be more specific since the writer touches on many different subjects to make
his point.
c. The writer of this text refers to the feeling of 'planetary
togetherness'. How can this
feeling be established?
Justify it in your own words. (not more than 30 words)
Απάντηση:
Feelings of distance are due to difficulty in communication. Since
communication with any
part of the world will be extremely easy and direct through technology,
people will not
feel separated.
B2a. "The proper use of computers and
communications satellites will make it unnecessary to
travel as long as
transfer of information is all that is required" Give two (2) more
examples, besides
travelling, to justify this statement.
Απάντηση:
1. People will not have to leave their house to go to work, as using a
computer will
make it possible for them to be there virtually, physical presence is
not required
for non-physical work.
2. Computers will be designed to perform medical surgeries, and
therefore, theoretically
the doctor could be operating the computer from practically anywhere in
the world.
b. Imagine that you are a journalist and you are
interviewing a specialist on computers
about the side effects of computers on culture. Write
a dialogue between you and the
specialist. (not more than 50 words)
Απάντηση:
- Are personal relations to 'die' with the use of computers?
- I don't know about dying, but they will surely be on a more 'virtual'
level.
- Are there people willing to do that?
- Given the theoretically unlimited potentials of information
technology, some are
willing to pay the price, I assure you.
c. Use your information creatively to write the advertisement
about computers and
communications. (not more than 30
words)
Απάντηση:
If technology is your problem, We have the answer! We in Cyber store
know all there is to
know about computers and communications. Benefit now from prices that
only we can
offer you.
C. Να γράψετε κείμενο 180 - 200 λέξεων με θέμα:
Give a detailed announcement of a new journal for
Greek teenagers that you will publish.
(Include such details as: the title, the aims, the
readers, the issues per year/month/week,
contents, subscriptions, etc.)
Απάντηση:
"Live your life" - The
exciting new journal for Greek teenagers.
Coming soon to a newsagent near you. The hottest, newest journal to deal
with all
aspects of teenage life. "Live your life" is written by a
vibrant team of smart young
writers who are really in touch with the teenage scene in
This weekly magazine will have a
number of regular features such as sport,
entertainment, fashion, health, education and relationships. It will
also feature
exclusive interviews with both celebrities and everyday people who are
doing something
special with their life.
The aim of "Live your
life" is to encourage young people to do exactly that; to be
the best they can at what they do and more importantly to do something
that they
are passionate about and really want to do.
Take this chance to reserve your
first copy of "Live your life". The first issue will
have a subscription coupon so that you can have this great new journal
delivered to
your house every week. And as a special celebratory gif, the first issue
will come free
with a brand new "Live your life" diary.
THE END Of 1996
*********************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1995
A. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.
If anyone should ask you the price of hope, tell them it's 65 cents a
day. That's what it costs to sponsor a child through "Save the Children".
Many children around the world lead lives of such poverty they have
given up hope of ever escaping. They face illness, hunger and deprivation . . .
struggles their families have known for generations.
But you can help change that. You can make a difference.
You'll have the opportunity to know this child personally, through
photographs and reports. You'll feel the personal reward of seeing what your
love and support can do.
Because 57 years of experience has taught us that direct handouts are
the least effective way of helping children, your contributions are not
distributed in this way. Instead, they are used to help children in the most
effective way possible - by helping the entire community with projects and
services such as health care, education, food production, and nutrition.
Sponsoring a child through "Save the Children" costs
only $20 a month. The cost is so little, the rewards are so great. Won't you
become a "Save the Children" sponsor today? Fill out the
coupon below, and help bring hope to a child.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Εάν κάποιος σας ρωτήσει πόσο κοστίζει η ελπίδα, πείτε του η τιμή της είναι 65 σεντς την ημέρα. Τόσο κοστίζει
να καλύψεις τα καθημερινά έξοδα ενός παιδιού μέσω του προγράμματος "Σώστε τα παιδιά"
Πολλά παιδιά σε όλο τον κόσμο ζουν σε συνθήκες τόσο μεγάλης φτώχειας, ώστε έχουν εγκαταλείψει κάθε
ελπίδα ότι κάποτε μπορεί να ξεφύγουν. Αντιμετωπίζουν αρρώστιες, πείνα και στερήσεις; δεινά που οι οικογένειες
τους υφίστανται εδώ και γενεές.
Εσείς όμως μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε να αλλάξει αυτή η κατάσταση. Μπορείτε να συμβάλλετε πραγματικά. Θα
έχετε την ευκαιρία να γνωρίσετε αυτό το παιδί προσωπικά μέσα από φωτογραφίες και σχετικές αναφορές.
Θα ανταμειφθείτε προσωπικά βλέποντας τι μπορεί πραγματικά να κάνει η αγάπη και η υποστήριξη σας.
Μετά από 57 χρόνια εμπειρίας διδαχτήκαμε ότι ο λιγότερο αποτελεσματικός τρόπος να βοηθηθούν τα παιδιά
είναι να τους παραδίδονται προσωπικά τα χρήματα, γι' αυτό και οι συνεισφορές σας δεν διανέμονται με αυτόν
τον τρόπο.
Αντίθετα τα χρήματα αυτά χρησιμοποιούνται για να βοηθήσουν τα παιδιά με τον πλέον αποτελεσματικό τρόπο.
- βοηθώντας ολόκληρη την κοινότητα με υπηρεσίες όπως ιατρική φροντίδα, εκπαίδευση, παραγωγή τροφής
και διατροφή.
Για να γίνει κανείς ανάδοχος ενός παιδιού μέσω του "Σώστε τα παιδιά" χρειάζονται μόνο 20 δολάρια τον μήνα.
Το κόστος είναι πολύ μικρό για τόση μεγάλη ανταμοιβή. Γιατί λοιπόν να μην γίνετε ανάδοχος του
"Σώστε τα παιδιά" σήμερα κιόλας συμπληρώστε το κουπόνι και βοηθήστε μας να δώσουμε ελπίδα
σε ένα παιδί.
B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :
B1. a. The heading of this text is the word
"hope". In a child's handwriting. Why is this heading appropriate?
Give two reasons.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Firstly, this title summarises in one word the entire meaning of the
text, which is all about giving hope.
Secondly, the child's handwriting is appropriate for emotional reasons:
it illustrates rather than describes
the effect that sponsoring a child will have.
b. The following part has been omitted from the
original text.
"You can help bring pure water to a child's
community, a school to his village, or health care to his family . . . the
things that can bring hope to a child's eyes, strength to his body, and
nourishment to his mind".
Indicate where this part belongs by writing down the
last five words of the sentence before it. Explain why it should be there.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
"education, food production and nutrition". This kind of help
described in the passage above is more specific
than the description of its previous sentence. Therefore it could be put
there to refer to the kind of help
described in that sentence by providing examples of it.
c. The writer of this text obviously appeals to the
reader's emotions. How does he/she achieve this? Mention two ways.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
First of all, the writer constantly refers to suffering children and the
help that can be provided to them, which
is a matter that can affect most people. Second, the writer stresses the
kind of personal involvement that
that "Save the Children" is all about, as being able to see
the results of their efforts is expected to motivate
potential sponsors.
B2. a. The text is accompanied by a picture. Think and
decide what this picture shows and describe it in 50 words.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Since the text is about hope, the picture should not be a depressing
one. It may include a scene in a third
World country, where a well has just been opened and the water is
spouting high in the air, with children
laughing and playing all around it.
b. The governing board of "Save the Children"
decides to make a statement for the newspapers thanking the millions of their
sponsors. Write the (30 word) statement.
Begin with: Our organization . . .
Sign as: The members of the governing board.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Our organization would like to express its gratitude to the millions of
citizens that replied to our cause.
Only with your support can this world become a better place.
The members of the governing board.
c. You are a journalist preparing to interview the
secretary of the "Save the Children" organization. Write four
questions to ask.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
2. Are donations from sponsoring children enough to help you in your
efforts or do you rely on other
sources as well?
3. How many people have become sponsors so far?
4. What would you say to all those that are thinking about becoming
sponsors but have not yet decided on it?
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων με θέμα :
Your school is publishing a brochure in English to
help a group of European students that will be visiting different schools in
your hometown for two weeks. You have been asked to write a short text
informing visitors about certain habits that they may find different and they
will have to get accustomed to while they are visiting.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
One of the exciting things about going to a foreign country is that
everything is so different to the way things
are back home. This of course can be both a negative and positive thing.
It all depends on how you deal
with the local customs and social etiquette.
In
to be welcomed in a friendly manner. Greek hospitality is renowned
throughout the world but there may be some forms of behaviour that people
from other nations might find hard to understand or accept.
For one thing, people tend to be fairly loud and excitable.
To the foreign ear, it may seem as if people are
having an argument or are angry when in reality they are probably just
expressing an opinion in a
demonstrative way.
Something that many nationalities find particularly
annoying is the Greek reluctance to queue for things,
especially at bus stops and in shops and cafes. This, unfortunately, is
just something that you will have to
get used to if you come to
The best way to deal with new of different situations is to
remain polite and calm and to observe and
learn from what the locals do.
THE END Of 1995
************************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1994
Α. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο :
Towns and communities twinned with others abroad often host groups from
the "twin", with accommodation offered in family homes.
Sometimes, teenage guests need entertaining as well as feeding and it's
the constant worry that the visitor is homesick or bored or irritated by the
family's funny little ways that can put a lot of pressure on hosts - and on
their parents in particular.
However, when things work well, the benefits of hosting and exchanging
are great, with long-lasting friendships common. Patricia, a veteran of five
summers' exchanges, reports that her sons have all made great strides in French
and German, while others see an even wider benefit. "I think it's
important from the point of view of international understanding", says
Bridget, who acts as paid host to three or four young people every year.
"If we treat them right, they'll treat us right."
Community education officer Pete Stout, who has been involved with group
exchanges for many years, feels the same. "It's not an
overstatement", he insists, "to say that it contributes to peace in
the world."
H. Welford, The Guardian, March 23, 1993
Δίνεται : "twinned" = αδελφοποιημένες
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Πόλεις και κοινότητες αδελφοποιημένες με άλλες στο εξωτερικό συχνά φιλοξενούν ομάδες από την "αδελφή " πόλη προσφέροντας στέγη μέσα σε οικογένειες.
Μερικές φορές οι έφηβοι φιλοξενούμενοι έχουν ανάγκη τόσο διασκέδασης όσο και διατροφής και υπάρχει η συνεχής ανησυχία ότι ο επισκέπτης νοσταλγεί την πατρίδα του ή βαριέται ή εκνευρίζεται από τις παράξενες μικροιδιοτροπίες της οικογένειας, πράγμα που μπορεί να αποβεί πολύ καταπιεστικό για τους οικοδεσπότες και ιδιαίτερα για τους γονείς τους.
Ωστόσο, όταν τα πράγματα πηγαίνουν καλά, τα οφέλη της φιλοξενίας και της ανταλλαγής είναι σημαντικά με σύνηθες επακόλουθο τις μακροχρόνιες φιλίες. Η Πατρίσια, μια βετεράνος πέντε καλοκαιρινών ανταλλαγών, αναφέρει ότι οι γιοι της έχουν κάνει αλματώδη πρόοδο στα Γαλλικά και Γερμανικά, ενώ άλλοι αναγνωρίζουν ένα ακόμη ευρύτερο όφελος. "Νομίζω ότι είναι σημαντικό από την άποψη της διεθνούς αλληλοκατανόησης", λέει η Μπρίτζετ, η οποία παίζει το ρόλο του οικοδεσπότη, επί πληρωμή, για τρία ή τέσσερα νεαρά άτομα κάθε χρόνο. "Αν τους φερθούμε σωστά, θα μας φερθούν σωστά".
Ο υπεύθυνος για τα εκπαιδευτικά θέματα της κοινότητας, Pete Stout, ο οποίος εδώ και πολλά χρόνια ασχολείται με ανταλλαγές ομάδων, πιστεύει το ίδιο. "Δεν είναι υπερβολή", επιμένει, "να πει κανείς ότι το πρόγραμμα ανταλλαγής συμβάλλει στην παγκόσμια ειρήνη".
H. Welford, The Guardian, 23 Μαρτίου 1993.
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :
Β1. a.
Suggest an appropriate title and a subtitle for the newspaper article from
which this extract has
been taken.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B1. a. Title: Hosting and exchanging between twinned countries.
or International understanding through hosting and exchanging
Subtitle: The effects of summer group
exchanges between countries.
οr Twinned towns
and communities for a more peaceful world.
b. This article is addressed to teenagers and to
parents. Why do you think it is of interest to both of them? (about 40 words)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. It is first of all addressed to teenagers since they are the first
who are going to enjoy the benefits of visiting a foreign country. As for
parents, it will give them the chance to help their children realize the
importance of international friendship and understanding without borders.
c. According to the text, what are some of the reasons
for which parents should let their children join a foreign exchange programme?
(about 30 words)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. Children will have the opportunity to improve their knowledge of
foreign languages, make new friends, and develop an international sense of
responsibility concerning our world.
B2. a. Your mother has been trying to convince you to
join a foreign exchange programme
and stay with a host family in
which you wouldn't like to go . (about 40 words)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B2. a. I have never been abroad before and the idea makes me feel
uncomfortable. Also, I don't think I will be able to communicate my ideas in a
foreign language and what's more, I refuse to stay under the same roof with
people I've never met and know nothing about. Besides, I may be laughed at for
not understanding their way of life or sense of humour, and that will upset me.
b. You have been hosting teenagers from abroad for
some time. Give two pieces of advice to a friend of yours who has offered to accommodate
three foreign students.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. If I were you, I would try to make them feel at home so that they
won't feel homesick or bored. Furthermore, you had better not tease them since
being in a strange environment they may be sensitive to any funny remarks. On
the whole, try to be as pleasant, patient and understanding as possible.
c. Do you agree that "hosting and exchanging
contribute to peace in the world" or do you find this an overstatement?
Justify your answer. (about 50 words)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. Hosting and exchanging may contribute to a better understanding
between countries since in this way foreign cultures come into contact. As a
result, people get accustomed to different ways of thinking and lifestyles, and
mutual understanding is established. However, as for "peace in the
world" I don't think that our good will and eagerness will ever be
enough to attain it.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων με θέμα :
Your school is taking part in a campaign to protect the
environment and has undertaken to clean some of the local beaches on the
following weekend. As a member of the organizing committee, write a letter to
your fellow students in order to inform them of the project and to ask for
their help. In your letter, you'll have to present them with arguments about
the importance of the environment and of student participation in the life of
the community, so that they'll be persuaded to sacrifice their weekend and
participate (tell them also what fun it can be!)
Begin your letter with Dear friends and end it with
The Organizing Committee.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Dear friends,
We are writing this letter to inform you that a campaign is being
undertaken to clean up some of the local beaches next weekend, and would like
you to participate in it.
Unfortunately, rusty tins, broken bottles and plastic bags not only ruin
the natural beauty of the place but they also become a source of pollution.
Moreover, they may become the cause of a serious accident to anyone who visits
the beach to enjoy a walk or a swim.
As you understand, your participation is essential because such a
polluted environment is a health hazard. Besides that, it may drive tourists
away thus hurting the economy of our community. We have decided to work
together on this project, something that we think will keep both sides alert
and sensitive to one of the most serious problems facing our planet nowadays.
With the participation of your school friends, the cleaning-up will be an easy
task as well as a lot of fun.
We are looking forward to seeing you next weekend.
Sincerely yours,
The Organizing Committee.
THE END Of 1994
*********************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1993
Α. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.
June the 23rd will see the opening of a new museum in Lausanne,
Switzerland, home of the International Olympic Committee.
Here, on the
The Olympic Games have confounded sceptics by remaining one of the most
conciliatory forces in an imperfect world. This is because de Coubertin
realized that sport had values in promoting young people of all races and all
political and religious beliefs, to test their strengths against one another in
fair play.
"Ask not for victory but for courage", says an ancient Greek
maxim. "If you can endure the struggle, you bring honour to us all. Even
more, you bring honour to yourself".
Time International
June 28, 1993
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Την 23η Ιουνίου θα γίνουν τα εγκαίνια ενός νέου μουσείου στη Λωζάννη της Ελβετίας, έδρα της Διεθνούς Ολυμπιακής Επιτροπής.
Εδώ στην όχθη της Λίμνης Γενεύης, σ' ένα μαρμάρινο κτίριο , αξίας 70 εκατομμυρίων δολλαρίων, θα στεγάζεται μια μόνιμη έκθεση της ιστορίας και του πνεύματος των Αγώνων. Το μουσείο έχει σαν κύριο στόχο να αιχμαλωτίσει τη φαντασία 250.000 και πλέον επισκεπτών απ' όλο τον κόσμο κάθε χρόνο. Θα αποτελεί ζωντανή μαρτυρία του πνεύματος του Ολυμπιακού Κινήματος, που ιδρύθηκε πριν από έναν αιώνα, από το Βαρώνο Πιέρ ντε Κουμπερτέν.
Οι Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες έχουν φέρει σε αμηχανία τους σκεπτικιστές, παραμένοντας μια από τις πιο ισχυρές δυνάμεις συμφιλίωσης σ' έναν κόσμο με τόσες ατέλειες. Αυτό οφείλεται στο ότι ο Κουμπερτέν αντιλήφθηκε πως ο αθλητισμός είχε αξίες, που προωθούν τους νέους όλων των φυλών και όλων των πολιτικών και θρησκευτικών πεποιθήσεων να δοκιμάζουν τις δυνάμεις τους αντιμέτωποι σ' έναν δίκαιο αγώνα.
"Μη ζητάς τη νίκη, αλλά το θάρρος", λέει ένα αρχαίο ελληνικό απόφθεγμα. "Αν αντέξεις τον αγώνα, μας τιμάς όλους. Ακόμη περισσότερο, τιμάς τον εαυτό σου".
B. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :
B1. a. Give a title to the above text.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B1. a. LIVING TESTIMONY TO A GREAT IDEAL
or
NEW MUSEUM HONOURS OLYMPIC SPIRIT
b. Why do you think visitors would be attracted to the
new museum in
(Write two or three lines).
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. Because they would see the history and culture of the Games in an
imaginative display, housed in
luxurious surroundings.
c. Discuss the attitude of the ancient Greeks to
victory. According to them, is victory the only thing that counts? (Write about
40 words).
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. To the ancient Greeks, winning was not the most important reason for
entering a competition. Most important was having the courage to endure the
struggle. Honour came from trying one's best, whether or not victory was the
result.
or
Apparently, not. Courage, strength and honour are the virtues we should
be fighting for. Victory when won, should be shared and not just flatter the
winner's ego. Victory is not an end in itself. It is just a step to great
achievements.
B2. a. How would you report to someone the ancient
Greek maxim in the text (Ask... …
yourself) ? Start as
follows : The ancient Greeks believed that someone …
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B2. a. The ancient Greeks believed that someone should not ask for
victory but for courage.
They stressed the importance of being able to endure the struggle which
would bring honour to those around him and , above all, to himself.
b. You are representing
Provide two reasons why the Olympic Games should be
held permanently in
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. Ladies and gentlemen,
There are several powerful arguments one could put forward to justify
our cause that
First and foremost,
Secondly,
Thank you.
c. You are a member of the organizing committee of the
next celebration of the Olympic Games, to be held in
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. STANDARDS FOR SPECTATOR CONDUCT.
In order to promote the spirit of the Olympic Games, spectators are
requested to observe the following standards:
1. Please bear in mind the spirit of the Olympic Games and avoid
fanaticism. Rise above all political, religious or other differences that might
divide you and offer positive encouragement to all competitors.
2. Please be aware of athletes' needs for concentration during their
performance. Refrain from making disruptive noises.
3. When entering and leaving the stadium, please use entrances and exits
signposted for visitors.
4. Respect the rules of hospitality. Enjoy the facilities provided and
help keep them clean and comfortable for others.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων, με θέμα το απόφθεγμα του Andre Malraux :
"A museum is the only place in the world that escapes
death".
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Not unjustly, museums have traditionally been regarded as the ideal
places for retaining cultural treasures. These treasures become the object of
admiration by millions of people through the years and are part of every
country's unique history. A museum constantly remains unaffected by outside
world developments, preserving and safeguarding culture and history for the
generations to come. People are mortal, works of art are not.
There are, of course, certain people who underestimate the role of
museums and consider them an unnecessary luxury, especially when they feel that
their country faces other needs, which are more vital, in their opinion.
However, man is a spiritual being too, and needs to appreciate the surviving
aesthetic masterpieces of the past. A visit to a museum brings us closer to
exactly this aspect of the human being. It is a way of communicating with other
people's history, civilization and culture. It is an everlasting journey in
time.
THE END Of 1993
*******************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1992
Α. Να αποδώσετε, στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.
Early in 1991, it was reported that average temperatures on earth the
year before had been the highest ever recorded. In fact, six of the seven
warmest years on record occurred between 1981 and 1990. Many researchers
interpret these data as evidence of a serious, continuing warming of the earth
caused by pollutants in the atmosphere that trap heat close to the planet's
surface - a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.
Other equally prominent scientists believe, however, that evidence of
man - made global warming is not convincing.
Physicist James Trefil says, "I have seen a piece of the 21st
century and I don't like it very much. We are going to face serious problems,
and will have to face them while the scientific evidence for the seriousness of
the problems is clouded by doubt and controversy. Worse, the aspects of
scientific knowledge presented to the public will appear contradictory and
ambiguous, and will give us little on which to make our decisions."
DIALOGUE, March 1991
Δίνεται : the
greenhouse effect : το φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Στις αρχές του 1991 , επιστημονικές αρχές ανέφεραν ότι η μέση θερμοκρασία στη γη κατά το 1990 ήταν η υψηλότερη που σημειώθηκε ποτέ. Στην πραγματικότητα , έξι από τα επτά θερμότερα χρόνια στην παγκόσμια ιστορία σημειώθηκαν μεταξύ 1981 και 1990. Πολλοί ερευνητές ερμηνεύουν αυτά τα δεδομένα σαν αποδεικτικά στοιχεία του γεγονότος, ότι η γη θερμαίνεται, επικίνδυνα και συνεχώς από ρύπους στην ατμόσφαιρα, οι οποίοι παγιδεύουν τη θερμότητα, που βρίσκεται κοντά στην επιφάνεια του πλανήτη, ένα φαινόμενο που είναι γνωστό σαν το φαινόμενο του θερμοκηπίου.
Άλλοι, εξίσου επιφανείς επιστήμονες, πιστεύουν, όμως, ότι τα υπάρχοντα στοιχεία που συγκλίνουν στο γεγονός ότι η γήινη θέρμανση προκαλείται από τεχνητούς παράγοντες δεν είναι πειστικά.
Ο φυσικός Τζέιμς Τρέφιλ λέει : "Είδα ένα κομμάτι του 21ου αιώνα και δε μ' αρέσει πολύ. Θα αντιμετωπίσουμε σοβαρά προβλήματα και θ' αναγκαστούμε να τα αντιμετωπίσουμε, ενώ τα επιστημονικά αποδεικτικά στοιχεία, που αφορούν τη σοβαρότητα των προβλημάτων, παραμένουν ασαφή, λόγω αμφιβολίας και διαμάχης. Ακόμη χειρότερα, η δημόσια παρουσίαση της επιστημονικής γνώσης θα εμφανιστεί αντιφατική και διφορούμενη και θα βοηθήσει ελάχιστα στη λήψη αποφάσεων.
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :
B1. a. Give a title to the above text.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B
b. What is the problem discussed in this text? (Write
about 25 words).
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. The problem discussed in this text is whether the phenomenon known as
the greenhouse effect is caused
by natural or artificial factors, a controversy which divides
scientists.
c. What in your opinion may be the results of the
greenhouse effect on the earth and its inhabitants?
(Write about 50 words).
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. Among the destructive effects of the greenhouse effect on the earth
will be the melting of the ice in the north and south poles, causing massive
flooding all over the world. Another likely result will be the increased
vaporization of water from the surface of the earth which will lead to a
gradual depletion of fresh water resources and the flora and fauna. Another
potential threat to people will be a high mortality rate and skin cancer due to
the increased penetration of ultra-violet rays in the earth's atmosphere.
B2. a. How would you report the information contained
in the last paragraph to a friend who wishes to be informed ? (Write about 40
words)
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B
in for some serious problems the nature of which will be questioned and
disputed by certain circles. This will further aggravate the situation as a
divided community will be unable to decide on the right course of action.
b. Suppose a heat wave is forecast for this summer and
the government has to issue a number of instructions
to the inhabitants of your area. Write down four of
these instructions.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. INSTRUCTIONS
1. Avoid exposing yourself directly to the rays of the sun as far as
possible.
2. Whenever you absolutely must go out, make sure you wear a hat and
stay in shady places.
3. Minimize the consumption of alcohol and eat very light salty meals.
4. Drink plenty of cool water and take regular showers.
c. Does the writer of this passage believe that the
greenhouse effect is caused by human beings? Give evidence from the passage.
(Not more than 30 words).
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. In my opinion, no, he doesn't. He appears to be quite impartial on
this issue, reporting with objectivity what the current scientific status quo
is. The best evidence for this are the sentences: "Many researchers
interpret these data as ...", and "Other equally prominent
scientists believe, however, that ..."
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων , με θέμα :
"Who is mainly responsible for a child's success
or failure at school? Parents or teachers?"
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
In my opinion a child’s success or failure at school depends, to a
certain extent, on both parents and teachers as both roles are of crucial
importance to him/her. However, a lot depends on the child's aptitude for
learning and character, too. So, it is basically the successful combination of
all three factors that paves the way for success.
Teachers play a very sensitive and dominant role in a child's life as
they are seen as models of knowledge and, more often than not, inspire
admiration and respect in a young pupil. Consequently, their basic ideals and
opinions about the world, inevitably, exert influence and tend to shape
personalities. A pupil at a tender age is bound to be affected negatively
though, should the teacher fall short of his teaching duties and treatment of
his/her class.
On the other hand, parents, being the first essential instructors of
life who shape personalities and beliefs in their children, are the first to
lay the foundations of the right conduct and attitude to learning. Their role
is transformed as the child grows up, but they should always be eager to offer
their help, advice, moral support and encouragement. In the opposite case, the
child feels helpless, confused, insecure and potentially at the mercy of wrong
guidance.
Given these factors, to fulfil his full potential, a child has to be
responsible towards himself, first and foremost and utilize the combined effect
of teachers and parents alike if he / she is to develop into a responsible
adult.
THE END Of 1992
*******************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1991
A. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας , στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει, αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο .
Nearly every schoolchild knows that seven-tenths of our planet's surface
is covered by water-seemingly an inexhaustible supply for earth's five billion
people. But the sobering fact is that 97 percent of that water is saline and
unusable, leaving just 3 percent to nourish and sustain all terrestrial life.
Moreover, the world's human population continues to explode, while the supply
of fresh water remains constant.
Just how that life-giving resource will be conserved and apportioned in
the coming century is one of the great problems that face us.
The solutions ? Conservation of water, for one. Desalination offers some
long-range hope. U.S. research laboratories are exploring an ingenious
technique of using heat from the tropical oceans to convert salt water into
fresh, thus saving conventional forms of energy.
Technology, however, is only a partial answer. The real solution - like
the problem - is mankind itself.
William Graves
Editor, The National Geographic
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Σχεδόν κάθε μαθητής γνωρίζει ότι τα 7/10 της επιφάνειας του πλανήτη μας καλύπτονται από νερό, φαινομενικά ένα ανεξάντλητο απόθεμα για τα 5 δισεκατομμύρια ανθρώπων της γης. Αλλά το θλιβερό γεγονός είναι ότι το 97 % αυτού του νερού είναι αλμυρό και δε μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί, επιτρέποντας μόλις το 3% να θρέψει και να συντηρήσει όλη τη ζωή στη γη. Επιπλέον , ενώ ο ανθρώπινος πληθυσμός συνεχίζει την τρομακτική του αύξηση, τα αποθέματα του γλυκού νερού παραμένουν σταθερά.
Το πώς ακριβώς αυτή η ζωοδότρα πηγή θα διαφυλαχθεί και θα κατανεμηθεί στον επόμενο αιώνα, είναι ένα από τα μεγάλα προβλήματα που μας απασχολούν.
Οι λύσεις ; Τουλάχιστον η διαφύλαξη του νερού. Η αφαλάτωση προσφέρει κάποια μακροπρόθεσμη ελπίδα. Ερευνητικά εργαστήρια στις Η.Π.Α. διερευνούν μια πρωτοπόρο τεχνική χρησιμοποιώντας τη θερμότητα των τροπικών ωκεανών για να μετατρέψουν το αλμυρό νερό σε γλυκό, εξοικονομώντας, κατ' αυτόν τον τρόπο, συμβατικές μορφές ενέργειας.
Η τεχνολογία, όμως, είναι μόνο μια μερική λύση. Η πραγματική λύση, όπως και το πρόβλημα, είναι η ίδια η ανθρωπότητα.
Β. Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :
Β1. a.
Give a title to the above text.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B1. a. "Mankind, the real solution to the water shortage
problem"
b. What is the problem discussed in this text ? (no
more than three lines).
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. The limited fresh water supplies of the earth are increasingly
becoming insufficient to cover the needs
of the exploding human population.
c. Several countries in the world are facing water
shortages. Discuss the effects such a situation may have on, the economy and
population of the country. Write a paragraph (no more than 50 words).
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. Drought-stricken areas, inevitably turning barren, lead to a general
crop failure thus destroying the country's agricultural production. This, all
too often, has a devastating impact on the economy and, sooner or later, leads
to widespread unemployment and social unrest.
B2 a. Following a long period of drought, your local
authority has issued instructions to
prevent waste of water. Write down four of these
instructions.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B2. a. 1. Do not leave the tap running while brushing teeth or shaving.
2. Avoid washing your car with a hose.
3. Restrain from excessive use of water while cleaning the house.
4. Watch out for possible leaks.
b. You are planning to cross a desert. Which two of
the following would you take with you ? Justify your choice.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. Although the first three items all appear to be indispensable, it
seems to me that enough water should be the top priority since water is scarce
in any desert. Secondly, to protect myself from the freezing cold of a desert
at night and also from the burning sun and possible sandstorms during the day,
I would choose to carry some blankets with me.
c. Why do you think the writer considers mankind to be
the real solution to the problem? Write a paragraph
of about 30 words.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. Because man, by nature, is a wasteful creature and squanders his
resources in irrational ways. By adopting a more responsible approach to his
natural environment and to living, he will, more than likely, avoid most of his
self- inflicted tragedies of the past.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο 120 - 150 λέξεων με θέμα :
Friends or relatives ? Which do you think play the
most important role in man's life ?
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Early in childhood our immediate environment, the family, is the one
that plays the greatest and most important role in our lives. When we grow up,
however, it is friends who exert the most dominating influence on us.
As children we are totally dependent on our family and relatives. It is
the family that makes us feel safe and guides us come to grips with the world
around us. The absence of the family creates immense problems in a child who is
left helpless in a world that is completely baffling and incomprehensible to
him.
When we go to school, however, our dependence on parents and other
relatives may gradually fade away and our seeking intimate friendships becomes
our target. A teenager, for instance, without friends is thought to be a very
introverted and insecure person.
After the teenage years, on the other hand, a boyfriend or a girlfriend
takes the place of a friend and we hope that he or she will be the right
companion for the rest of our life and the father or mother of our children.
When it does happen, family and relatives take the first role again.
THE END Of 1991
**********************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1990
A. Να αποδώσετε , στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει , αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευθεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.
How many people can the earth hold? Will birth and death rates continue
to decline? Can food production keep apace of population growth? Can technology
supplement or replace today's resources? What are the long-term effects of
pollution on health, climate, and farm production?
Debate over such issues has spawned volumes, as scholars look to the
future with varying degrees of optimism and gloom. In a lecture titled
"The Terror of Change", Mrs P.S. cited three aspects of our future
about which there is little disagreement: The speed of change will accelerate,
the world will be increasingly complex, and nations and world issues will be
increasingly interdependent.
The problems facing
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, Aug. 1984
Δίνεται : to spawn : to
produce, esp. in large numbers.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Πόσους ανθρώπους μπορεί να χωρέσει η γη ; Θα συνεχίσουν να πέφτουν τα ποσοστά των γεννήσεων και των θανάτων ; Μπορεί η παραγωγή τροφίμων να ακολουθήσει την αύξηση του πληθυσμού ; Μπορεί η τεχνολογία να συμπληρώσει ή να αντικαταστήσει τους σημερινούς πόρους ; Ποιες θα είναι οι μακροπρόθεσμες συνέπειες της μόλυνσης στην υγεία , στις κλιματολογικές συνθήκες και στην γεωργική παραγωγή ;
Συζητήσεις πάνω σε τέτοια θέματα έχουν γεμίσει τόμους, καθώς οι μελετητές ατενίζουν το μέλλον με ποικίλα συναισθήματα αισιοδοξίας και θλίψης. Κατά τη διάρκεια μιας διάλεξης , με θέμα "Ο τρόμος της αλλαγής", η κ. P.S. παρέθεσε τρεις απόψεις σχετικά με το μέλλον μας, για τις οποίες υπάρχει σχεδόν πλήρης συμφωνία. Ο ρυθμός της αλλαγής θα επιταχυνθεί, ο κόσμος θα γίνεται όλο και πιο σύνθετος και τόσο τα έθνη όσο και τα παγκόσμια θέματα θα γίνονται όλο και πιο αλληλοεξαρτώμενα.
Τα προβλήματα που αντιμετωπίζουν οι μεγαλουπόλεις του Τρίτου Κόσμου δε μπορούν να αγνοηθούν από τα ανεπτυγμένα κράτη. Δε μπορούμε να ψάξουμε στο παρελθόν για λύσεις, αυτή η ανάπτυξη δεν έχει προηγούμενο . Βρισκόμαστε σε άγνωστα, αχαρτογράφητα νερά που αποτελούν πρόκληση.
Β : Να απαντήσετε στο τετράδιό σας στα αγγλικά, στις παρακάτω ερωτήσεις :
B1. a. Give a title and a subtitle to the above text.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B1 a. The Challenge of the Future / Will Growth Overwhelm Us?
b. What is the purpose of the text?
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. To pose the problem of the future impact of rapid growth on
population, technology and pollution.
c. In your opinion who, in particular, is the text
addressed to?
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. To any sensitive human being seriously concerned about the future of
our world, scholars and laymen alike.
In particular, it is addressed to the heads of governments and international
organisations in the developed countries of the West.
B2. a. You are interviewing Mrs. P.S. Ask her three
questions concerning the reason of the aspects.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
B2 a. Q1 How, in your opinion, could overpopulation be controlled?
Assuming that all developed countries
were aware of the problem, what should be their approach towards the
population explosion observed in underdeveloped countries ?
Q2 Given the fact that even today, only a few years away from the turn of
the 20th century, millions of people
in the Third World countries are faced with the scourge of famine, do
you believe that sufficient food supplies could be produced and distributed in
order to feed the population of our planet?
Q3 How could worldwide pollution levels be brought down? Is it sound to
pursue solutions using atomic power disregarding the dangers it entails?
b. Suppose the writer had some reservations. How could
he then express himself?
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
b. It is extremely difficult to predict the future of our world of
constant change. I honestly hope that the leaders of both the developed and
underdeveloped countries alike will realise that drastic measures must be taken
to combat these problems. We must realise that these problems are not indigenous
to one country only or to a specific part of this planet, but affect us all,
directly or indirectly.
c. How would you report the first paragraph of the
text to a friend of yours without changing its meaning?
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
c. The author of an article I read expressed serious concern about the
future. He wondered about how many people the earth could hold and whether
birth and death rates would continue to decline. He questioned whether there
would be enough food for the expanding population or whether new technology
could supplement or replace today's resources. Finally, he was concerned about
the effects of pollution on health, climate and farm productions in the distant
future.
Γ. Να γράψετε κείμενο (120 - 150 λέξεις περίπου) σύμφωνα με το παρακάτω θέμα :
Suppose you are the group leader of 45 children going
on an excursion to
find out that the rooms you had asked the tourist
agency to book for you, have not been kept. Write a letter of protest to the
above agency describing your discomfort. Start your letter with "Dear
Sir/Madam" and finish with "sincerely, XZ"
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about a recent booking I made through your
agency. As the group leader of 45 children on an excursion to
We arrived at the hotel at the pre-arranged time only to find out that
the rooms had not been reserved by your company and that the hotel had no other
vacancies. This led to the children and I having to chase around Oxford looking
for another hotel wasting some the little time we had available for other
scheduled activities and ended up having to pay much more than we could afford.
I am sure that you appreciate this was an intolerable situation to find
ourselves in. I would be grateful if you could reimburse the additional cost we
incurred, and because of the sensitivity of the situation involving children , I
feel that some further compensation on your part would only be fair and just.
I look forward to a prompt reply.
Yours faithfully, XZ.
THE END Of 1990
*****************
ΘΕΜΑΤΑ ΑΓΓΛΙΚΗΣ ΦΙΛΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ
ΙΟΥΝΙΟΣ 1989
Α. Να αποδώσετε στο τετράδιό σας, στην ελληνική γλώσσα, το παρακάτω κείμενο, προσδίδοντάς του τη μορφή που θα έπρεπε να έχει αν επρόκειτο να δημοσιευτεί σε ελληνικό έντυπο.
The
scarcity of women in top jobs is "an appalling failure of the educational
system", Mrs. B.R., director of South Bank Polytechnic told a conference
in
Mrs B.R.
said, "I always assumed that my generation had all the hard fighting and
it would be better for the next".
Practical
reasons frequently prevented women from getting promotion, she claimed. "I
know this is unpopular with some feminists. They talk as if children, marriage
and housework don't exist, but for the vast majority of women this is a
reality".
The fact
is that Mrs. B.R. had desperately wanted at South Bank Polytechnic at least one
woman for senior posts. But in a recent round of appointments only 20 out of
200 applicants were women.
ΑΠΑΝΤΗΣΗ:
Η σπανιότητα γυναικών σε "υψηλές" θέσεις εργασίας αποτελεί ένδειξη της "τρομακτικής επιτυχίας του
εκπαιδευτικού συστήματος" όπως δήλωσε η κα. B.R., του South Bank Polytechnic, σε ένα συνέδριο που
γίνεται στο Μάντσεστερ αυτήν την βδομάδα.
Όπως δήλωσε χαρακτηριστικά η κα. B.R. "Πάντα θεωρούσα ότι η γενιά μου είχε αγωνιστεί σκληρά και ότι τα
πράγματα θα ήταν καλύτερα για τις επόμενες γενεές.
Ισχυρίστηκε α